果园单轨运输车多工况振动测试与分析

Vibration test and analysis of orchard monorail truck under multiple working conditions

为研究山地果园单轨运输车作业时的振动特性以及载物厢不同摆动角度振动特性,以ZC-3GBYD-300型山地果园轨道运输车为研究对象,分空载全油门和满载全油门在怠速、水平、上坡、下坡、转弯等10种工况下,通过姿态传感器(MTI-30)测得载物厢在不同工况下的最大摆动角度,采用DH5902动态信号采集仪对4个测点处的振动情况进行测试与分析.使用Design-Expert8.06软件进行试验设计,选择行进速度、载货质量、轨道安装角度为试验因素,以载物厢振动幅值和摆动角度为指标,分析各因素对试验指标的影响.试验结果表明:发动机的燃烧力矩和发动机一阶、二阶惯性力矩是引起运输车振动的主要原因;空载转弯时,整机在X、Y、Z 3个方向的最大振动幅值比其他工况增加了73.5%、74.4%、78.5%;满载转弯时,分别增加了88.4%、83.1%、79.5%;当载物厢满载时,最大频率值集中在64~70 Hz,会对果品造成机械损伤.各因素对载物厢摆动角度的影响次序为轨道安装角度、行进速度、载货质量.

To investigate the vibration characteristics of monorail truck operating in mountain orchard and the vibration characteristics of different swing angles of carrier cars,the ZC-3GBYD-300 mountain orchard monorail truck was taken as research object under 10 types of idle,horizontal,uphill,downhill and swerve conditions for no load full throttle and full load full throttle.The posture sensor of MTI-30 was adopted to measure the maximum swing angle of car under different conditions,and the dynamic signal acquisition instrument of DH5902 was used to test and analyze the vibration of the four measuring points.The Design-Expert 8.06 software was used to design the experiment.The experimental factors of moving speed,cargo quality and installation angle were selected with vibration amplitude and swing angle as indicators to analyze the influence of each factor on each test index.The results show that the combustion torque and the first and second order inertia torques are the main causes of truck vibration.Turning without load,the maximum vibration amplitudes at X,Y and Z directions are increased by respective 73.5%,74.4%and 78.5%compared with other conditions,while turning with full load,those are respectively increased by 88.4%,83.1%,79.5%.When the load compartment is full load,the frequency value is from 64 to 70 Hz,which can cause mechanical damage to the fruit.The decreasing influence sequence of each factor on the swing angle of carriage is installation angle of track,traveling speed and cargo quality.