口服避孕药增加女性运动员静脉血栓风险的研究现状及进展

Research on oral contraceptives increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism in female athletes

口服避孕药自上市以来,已发展至第四代。口服避孕药在减轻雄激素样不良反应的同时,其所含的雌激素和孕激素均可使静脉血栓发生的风险增高。除了口服避孕药,运动员发生静脉血栓栓塞风险增高的因素众多,可以通过选择发生静脉血栓风险较小的口服避孕药,增加水的摄入量、制订合理的训练计划、避免久坐以及定期监测凝血指标等措施预防静脉血栓的形成。

Oral contraceptives,now in their fourth generation,increase the risk of venous thromboembolism(VTE)while reducing androgen-related adverse reactions due to estrogen and progesterone.In addition to oral contraceptives,there are many factors contributing to the increased risk of VTE in female athletes.Measures such as choosing oral contraceptives with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism,increasing water intake,developing a reasonable training plan,avoiding sitting too much and regular monitoring blood clotting indicators can prevent the formation of VTE thromboembolism.