城市轨道交通地下车站站台噪声评价方法

Noise evaluation method for urban rail transit underground station platforms

为提出适用于中国城市轨道交通地下车站运营期间的站台噪声评价方法及指标与限值,该文通过调研国内外城市轨道交通噪声评价标准及法规,系统对比了各国评价方法、评价指标及限值的异同。选取中国某典型地下车站开展了运营期间站台噪声及振动现场测试,分析了站台不同位置噪声及振动的分布情况。结果表明:该站台两端的噪声显著大于站台中部,既有规范中测点位置难以反映运营期间站台两端区域乘客的感受,建议在进行噪声评价时也应考虑两端位置处;站台最大A声级在站台两端位置达到88.4~90.4 dB(A),与站台振动叠加后会导致乘客的烦恼度显著增加,建议增加最大A声级作为辅助评价指标;1 h等效连续A声级实测结果为75.3~79.4 dB(A),高于现行规范中的铁路沿线环境噪声限值,会对在站内长期停留的乘客或站台工作人员造成一定影响。

Domestic and international urban rail transit noise evaluation standards and regulations were investigated to develop a noise evaluation method with indexes and thresholds for urban rail transit underground station platforms in China.This comparison evaluates the similarities and differences in the evaluation methods,evaluation indexes and thresholds.The platform noise and vibrations at a typical underground station are measured during operating hours to identify the noise and vibration distributions at different locations on the platform.The results show that the noise levels are significantly greater at both ends of the platform than in the middle and that current noise evaluation methods do not accurately reflect the feelings of passengers at both ends of the platform.Thus,the noise levels at both ends should be considered when evaluating platform noise levels.The maximum A-weighted sound pressure at both ends of the platform is 88.4-90.4 dB(A)which annoys the passengers when superimposed on the platform vibrations.Thus,the maximum A-weighted sound pressure is recommended to serve as an auxiliary evaluation index.Field tests show that the equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure for 1 hour is 75.3-79.4 dB(A),which is higher than the environmental noise threshold along the railway line used in the current norms.This will impact passengers staying on the platform for a long time or staff working on the platform.