早期饲喂水平对犊牛断奶日龄、生长性能及健康参数的影响

Effect of early feeding level on weaning age, growth performance and health parameters of calves

试验旨在评估不同饲喂水平对犊牛断奶日龄、生长性能和健康参数的影响。选择平均初始体重为(40.48±2.36)kg的荷斯坦公牛48头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头,分别在断奶前连续3 d饲喂300(对照组)、450、600和750 g代乳料。结果显示:断奶前,饲喂水平为600和750 g/d组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲喂水平为450、600和750 g/d组犊牛料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。断奶后8周,饲喂水平为450、600和750 g/d组犊牛体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着饲喂水平的逐渐提高,犊牛在断奶时的干物质摄入量和总采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。饲喂水平为450、600和750 g/d组犊牛对干物质、有机物和粗蛋白的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲喂水平为450、600和750 g/d组犊牛的粪便评分、气味评分、体温以及腹泻用药天数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,犊牛断奶后饲喂水平至少为450 g/d时可以改善生长性能、营养物质消化率和健康状况。

The experiment was to evaluate the effect of different feeding levels on weaning age,growth performance and health parameters of calves.Forty-eight Holstein bulls with an average initial weight of(40.48±2.36)kg were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates in each group and three calves in each replicate,in which the bulls were fed 300、450、600 and 750 g started feed before weaning for 3 d consecutively.The results showed that before weaning,the weight of calves in groups 600 and 750 g/d were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05),and the weight ratio of calves in groups 450,600 and 750 g/d were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).At eight weeks after weaning,the weight of calves in groups 450,600 and 750 g/d was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).With the gradual increase of feeding level,the dry matter intake and total feed intake of calves at weaning increased significantly(P<0.05).Apparent digestibility of dry matter,organic matter and crude protein in calves fed at 450,600 and 750 g/d was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Fecal scores,odor scores,body temperature and days of diarrhea treatment of calves at 450,600 and 750 g/d were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).Studies showed that feeding calves at least 450 g/d after weaning could improve growth performance,nutrient digestibility and health status.