鸟王茶不同叶片外观表现型与季节下茶叶产量与品质研究

Study on the Characteristics of Harvest and Tea Quality under Different Leaf Types and Season of Niaowang Tea in Guizhou

【目的】为筛选出鸟王茶产量及品质比较稳定的优良单株,为进一步选育高产优质鸟王茶品种奠定基础。【方法】以鸟王茶3个主要的栽培叶片外观表现型为对象,研究鸟王茶叶片外观表现型种类的生物量的变化趋势,对不同采摘季节鸟王茶矿质元素、儿茶素、茶多酚、咖啡碱等茶叶品质指标进行分析,综合讨论不同叶片外观表现型和采摘季节下鸟王茶的产量及品质。【结果】年萌枝数和发芽密度为小叶型>中叶型>大叶型、一芽一叶百芽重量为大叶型>中叶型>小叶型;Ca含量为夏茶>秋茶>春茶、Fe和Mg为秋茶>春茶>夏茶、Se和Zn为春茶>秋茶>夏茶;水浸出物、总儿茶素为夏茶>秋茶>春茶,茶多酚为秋茶>夏茶>春茶,咖啡碱为夏茶>春茶>秋茶。【结论】鸟王茶不同叶片外观表现型春茶的生化指标适制优质绿茶,夏、秋芽的生化指标适制优质红茶;中叶型可以作为单株优选育种材料,大叶型可试制乌龙茶产品。

【Objective】In order to screen out a good single plant of Niaowang tea with stable yield and quality,and to lay a foundation for further breeding of high-yield and high-quality breed of Niaowang tea.【Method】Three main types of cultivated leavesof Niaowang tea were taken as the research objects.The trends of the biomass of Niaowang tea of different leaf types was studied,the content of the miner al elements and the tea quality such as catechins,polyphenols,caffeineofniaowang tea under different picking seasons also were analyzed,and the harvestand quality of Niaowang tea of different leaf types and picking seasons were discussed comprehensively.【Result】The number of annual sprouting branch es and the germination density per year were being small leaf type>middle leaf type>large leaf type,one bud and one leaf with 100 buds weight was being large leaf type>middle leaf type>small leaf type.The content of Ca was being summer tea>autumn tea>spring tea,the content of Fe and Mg was being autumn tea>spring tea>summer tea,the content of Se and Zn was being spring tea>autumn tea>summer tea.The content of water extract and total catechins were being summer tea>autumn tea>spring tea,the content of tea polyphenols was being autumn tea>summer tea>spring tea,the content of caffeine was being summer tea>spring tea>autumn tea.【Conclusion】The biochemical indexes of spring tea with different leaf types of Niaowang tea were suitable for making high-quality green tea;the biochemical indexes of summer and autumn buds were suitable for making high-quality black tea;the middle leaf type can be used as breeding material for single plant,the large leaf type can be used for trial production of Oolong tea products.