解淀粉芽胞杆菌EA19菌株对小麦赤霉病的防治效果

Biocontrol efficacy of the Bacillus amylolyticus strain EA19 against Fusarium head blight in wheat

为明确解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amylolyticus EA19菌株对小麦赤霉病的防治效果,室内测定EA19菌株及其发酵液对小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium asiaticum菌落生长、孢子萌发、子囊壳形成的影响,以及在室内离体麦穗上的防治效果,并进行了田间小区防治试验。室内试验测定结果表明,EA19菌株发酵液对小麦赤霉病菌菌落生长和分生孢子的萌发具有显著的抑制作用,在室内离体麦穗上的防治效果可达80.0%,对子囊壳形成无显著影响。田间小区防治试验结果表明,在添加紫外保护剂抗坏血酸的条件下,EA19菌株发酵液和菌体悬浮液对赤霉病均有显著的防治效果,其中EA19菌株发酵液的防治效果可达81.2%。EA19菌株喷雾粉可湿性粉剂对赤霉病的防治效果可达67.4%,能使小麦籽粒中脱氧镰刀菌烯醇毒素含量显著降低36.8%,与50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂的效果无显著差异。表明EA19菌株在生产上防治赤霉病具有较大的开发应用潜力。

To determine the biocontrol efficacy of the Bacillus amyloliticus strain EA19 against Fusarium head blight in wheat,the effects of the strain and its fermentation broth on colony growth,spore germination and perithecium formation of Fusarium asiaticum were evaluated.The laboratory results showed that the fermentation broth could significantly inhibit colony growth and conidial germination of the Fusarium head blight pathogen and displayed high efficacy,reaching 80.0%,on detached spikes.However,it had no significant effect on perithecium formation.The results from field trials indicated that EA19 fermentation broth and its suspension showed high biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium head blight when ascorbic acid,an anti-ultraviolet agent,was present.The fermentation broth exhibited biocontol efficacy of 81.2%.The efficacy reached 67.4%when the fermentation broth was made into wettable powders containing original ingredients obtained by spraying procedure.It could substantially reduce deoxynivalenol levels in grains by 36.8%,which showed no significant difference in comparison50%carbendazim wettable powder.The results suggested that EA19 was a promising biocontrol agent with great potential in Fusarium head blight management.