论公共道路管理人侵权责任

Tort Liability of Public Road Managers

运用文献研究、理论研究和案例分析法,以解决妨碍通行物致损纠纷中,公共道路管理人承担侵权责任的法律适用、履行管理义务的判断标准以及数人侵权形态下的责任分担问题。对于法律适用问题,针对高速公路经营者这一类特殊的公共道路管理人,经分析得出,其所承担的侵权责任应适用《民法典》第1256条的“相应的责任”,而非第1198条的“安全保障义务的补充责任”;评判公共道路管理人是否已履行法定管理义务,应区分非收费公路与收费公路两个视角,非收费公路管理人应尽一般注意义务,收费公路管理人应尽善良管理人之注意义务;“相应的责任”应为根据不同的情形承担“补充责任”和“按份责任”。

Using the methods of literature research,theoretical research and case analysis,this paper aimed to solve the problems of the application of law,the judgment standard of performing the management obligation and the responsibility sharing in the form of several people's infringement of public road managers'tort liability in the disputes caused by obstructing the passage.As for the application of law,in view of the special public road managers such as expressway operators,the"corresponding liability"in article 1256 of the Civil Code was applied to their tort liability,not the"supplementary liability of safety guarantee obligation"in article 1198 of the Civil Code.To judge whether the public road managers have fulfilled the legal management obligations,it should be considered from two perspectives:nontoll road and toll road.The managers of non-toll roads should do their general duty of care,and the managers of toll roads should do their good duty of care."Corresponding responsibility"should be divided into bearing"supplementary responsibility"or"share responsibility"according to different situations.