诉讼离婚冷静期的司法构建——以徐州市贾汪区人民法院实地调研为基础

Judicial Construction of the Cooling-off Period of Divorce Litigation——Based on the field investigation of the people's Court of Jiawang District in Xuzhou

尽管《民法典》第1077条并未对诉讼离婚中的冷静期制度作出回应,但中国当前的婚姻现状和司法现状都决定了诉讼离婚冷静期制度设立的必要性。诉讼离婚冷静期的适用应当严格遵循四项原则:保障当事人离婚自由原则、突出司法人文关怀原则、隐私保护和不公开调解原则、未成年人利益最大化原则。诉讼期间内冷静期时长设置应以1-3月为宜,其中当事人的结婚年限和子女情况是确定冷静期时长的重要衡量因素。确保家事庭结构合理、注重家事法官的遴选资格要求、完善家事法官的考核制度、慎重家庭暴力离婚案件的冷静期适用、建立夫妻离婚财产申报制度、构筑多元调解与回访帮扶制度、设置弹性审限制度都是诉讼离婚冷静期制度司法构建过程中需重点关注的内容。

Although article 1077 of The Civil Code does not respond to the cooling-off period system in litigation divorce,the current marital status and judicial status in China determine the necessity of establishing the calm period system in litigation divorce. The application of the cooling-off period of litigation divorce should strictly follow four principles: protecting the parties’ freedom of divorce,highlighting judicial humanistic care,privacy protection and non-public mediation,and maximizing the interests of minors. The length of the cooling-off period should be set from one month to three months,during which the length of the parties’ marriage and the situation of their children are important factors to determine the length of the cooling-off period. Meanwhile,ensuring a reasonable structure of the family court,paying attention to the selection qualification requirements of family judges,improving the assessment system of family judges,being cautious about the application of the cooling off period in domestic violence divorce cases,establishing the divorce property declaration system,building a multi mediation and return visit assistance system,and setting a flexible trial period system are all indispensable in the process of judicial construction of the cooling-off period system of litigation divorce.