苦瓜主要株型性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Main Plant Type-related Traits in Bitter Gourd(Momordica charantia L.)

以栽培苦瓜自交系佛沥112(M.charantia var.charantia)为母本(P1),野生苦瓜自交系THMC170(M.charantia ssp.macroloba)为父本(P2),通过杂交和自交构建4个遗传世代(P1、P2、F1、F2)群体,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析方法,分别对苦瓜的节位数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗和节间长5个株型性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明:苦瓜节位数、叶长和叶宽的遗传均符合2对等显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合模型(E-6模型),茎粗的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型(C-0模型),节间长符合2对等加性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型(E-4模型);苦瓜茎粗和节位数的遗传率分别为20.08%和39.28%,表明茎粗和节位数易受环境影响;苦瓜叶长、叶宽和节间长的遗传率均较高,分别为51.50%、52.16%和64.36%;其中,叶长的遗传主要受主基因控制(主基因遗传率为40.75%),表明对叶长可以进行早期世代选择;而叶宽和节间长的遗传主要受多基因控制(多基因遗传率分别为38.26%和59.46%),表明对叶宽和节间长的选择宜在高世代进行。

In this study,the cultivated bitter gourd inbred line‘Foli 112’and the wild bitter gourd accession THMC170 were used as female(P1)and male(P2)parent,respectively,to obtain 4 generations(P1,P2,F1 and F2)through self-crossing and hybridization.The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model of plant quantitative trait was used to perform genetic analysis for 5 plant type-related traits including the number of internode,leaf length,leaf width,stem width and internode length in bitter gourd.Results showed that the inheritance of internode number,leaf length and leaf width was in accordance with E-6 model which involved two pairs of equi-dominant major genes with additive-dominant polygene model;the stem width was controlled by additive-dominance-epistasis polygene inheritance model(C-0 model);the inheritance of internode length involved 2 pairs of equi-additive major genes with additive-dominant polygene model(E-4 model).Meanwhile,the heritability(h2)of stem width and internode number was 20.08%and 39.28%,respectively,indicating that they were vulnerable to environment impacts;leaf length,leaf width and internode length had a higher heritability of 51.50%,52.16%and 64.36%,respectively;the inheritance of leaf length was mainly controlled by major gene(the heritability of major gene was 40.75%),indicating that early-generation selection was better for leaf length,while the inheritance of leaf width and internode length was mainly controlled by mutiple minor genes,indicating that it was better to select these two parameters for late generation.