广东省乡村聚落用地演变及其主控因子分析

Analysis on the Land Evolution of Rural Settlement and Its Main Control Factors in Guangdong Province

进行乡村聚落用地演变主控因子识别与分析可推动乡村转型发展与空间重构的理论研究和行动实施。利用景观扩张指数,揭示1980—2015年广东省乡村聚落用地演变的扩张模式,借助地理探测器识别主控因子并进行机理分析。研究结果表明:(1)广东省乡村聚落用地呈现以珠三角为主、东西两翼为辅的空间扩张格局;(2)1980—2015年乡村聚落用地扩张以边缘式为主,并与填充式、飞地式交替变化;(3)人均GDP、人均粮食产量、人均农业总产值等社会经济因子为各时段乡村聚落用地演变的主控因子;(4)1990—2000年乡村处于工业化和城镇化高度发展期,形成了景观要素复杂化、空间结构分化和地域功能多元化的态势,乡村聚落用地面积增加较为明显,2000—2015年乡村规划集中化和一体化趋稳,乡村聚落用地变幅较小。因此,为推进我国乡村振兴与新型城镇化战略的实施,需要深入研究区域社会经济与乡村聚落用地变化之间的关系,多视角剖析其作用机理。

The purpose of this study is to analyze rural settlement evolution characteristics and the identification of main factors in Guangdong Province,which can promote the theoretical research and action implementation of rural transformation and spatial reconstruction.Methods of the landscape index analysis and the geographical detector were employed to reveal the expansion mode and mechanism of rural settlement from 1980 to 2015.The results show that rural settlement land in Guangdong presents a spatial expansion pattern with the pearl river delta as the main and the east and west as the auxiliary.From 1980 to 2015,rural settlement was dominated by marginal expansion,while the filling type changed and enclave type changed alternately.The evolution of rural land under urbanization shows significant stage characteristics and there are obvious differences between the master factors of different expansion mode.The identification results of main factors show that socio-economic factors such as per capita GDP,per capita grain output and per capita agricultural output value are the main controlling factors of rural settlements evolution in different periods.In 1990-2000 Guangdong was in a period of rural industrialization and urbanization,forming a trend of complexity of rural landscape elements,differentiation of spatial structure and diversification of regional functions.The area of rural settlements increased significantly.In 2000-2015,during the period of centralization and integration of rural planning,the change range of rural settlement land was relatively small.On the whole,Guangdong Province has gradually entered a high and steady stage of rural development and restructuring under the multifaceted synergy of“production-life-ecology”.In conclusion,multi-perspective analysis of the evolution characteristics and mechanism of rural settlements are the theoretical supports for the optimization and reorganization of rural space,as well as the premise and foundation for the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and new type of urbanization.