2014—2018年上海市松江区儿童流行性感冒流行特征分析

Influenza surveillance among children in Songjiang District of Shanghai,2014-2018

【目的】了解2014—2018年上海市松江区儿童流行性感冒(简称“流感”)的流行特征,为流感监测与防治工作提供依据。【方法】收集上海市松江区2014—2018年流感样病例监测、病原学监测情况以及暴发疫情概况等资料,并进行描述性流行病学分析。【结果】松江区的流感流行峰位于冬季和夏季,且冬季峰较夏季峰明显。流感样病例以0~4岁年龄组构成比较大(57.90%);流感核酸检测阳性率为18.44%,各亚型均有检出并交替流行,其中B型检出率最高(41.18%),季节性H3型次之(36.95%),甲型H1N1型占21.98%。2014—2018年共分离流感病毒株650株,分离阳性率为67.08%。发现流感样病例暴发疫情发生地主要集中在中小学,占88.89%;时间主要分布于12月,占70.37%。【结论】2014—2018年松江区儿童流感特征表现为不同亚型流感病毒交替流行,流感样病例监测、病原学监测和暴发疫情流行的特征基本一致。建议在流行季节加强监测点医院的报告监测质量以及对中小学等重点场所的流感防控工作。

[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Songjiang District,Shanghai during 2014-2018,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of influenza.[Methods]We collected the data including influenza-like illness(ILI)report,etiological examination and influenza outbreak in Songjiang,and further characterized the epidemic of influenza using descriptive statistics.[Results]Data from the sentinel hospital-based surveillance system showed two peaks of influenza incidence in winter and summer in Songjiang,in which the winter peak was more significant.The largest proportion of ILI was the age group 0-4 years(57.90%).The proportion of being positive for influenza nucleic acid was 18.44%.All principal types of influenza were prevalent in Songjiang with a certain pattern of alternative circulation,in which influenza B virus accounted for 41.18%among all the types,followed by seasonal H3(36.95%)and H1N1(21.98%).A total of 650 influenza strains were isolated.The total proportion of isolation was 67.08%,which fluctuated by year with a peak of 79.37%in 2016.Of all the 27 outbreaks of influenza,88.89%of them were identified in primary and middle schools and 70.37%occurred in December.[Conclusion]Different subtypes of influenza viruses were prevalent alternatively in Songjiang during 2014-2018.The etiological results and influenza outbreaks are generally in consistent with ILI report.It warrants necessary prevention in primary and middle schools in epidemic seasons of influenza.