石黑一雄《无可慰藉》中瑞德的男性气质探究

The Study of Ryder’s Masculinity in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Novel The Unconsoled

石黑一雄小说《无可慰藉》以回忆与梦境为叙事手段,实则讲述了社会和家庭的边缘人瑞德充满创伤和焦虑的一生。为了探究瑞德焦虑背后的深层因素,运用男性气质相关理论对主人公瑞德进行研究,发现瑞德儿童以及青年时期,母亲强势、充满控制欲的女性气质严重威胁和影响了瑞德的男性气质建构,并使其产生强烈的惧女、厌女情感,而少数族裔的边缘人身份也使其一直处于对自我认同的焦虑之中,小说最后瑞德突然反常的抛妻弃子行为以及匆忙乘上电车从小城的出走隐喻他强烈的男性焦虑,是寻找自我的必然之途。

Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Unconsoled seemingly takes memories and dreams as narrative ways,but in another way tells about the whole traumatic and anxious life of the marginalized person Ryder.In order to explore the deep-seated factors behind Ryder’s anxiety,this paper aims to study the masculinity of the main character Ryder by employing the related theories and find out that Ryder’s masculinity has been seriously threatened and influenced by his mother’s strong and controlling femininity which imposed upon him in his childhood and youth time,which caused his strong sense of misogyny on women.Meanwhile,the marginalized identity of ethnic minorities also inflicts him with anxiety.At the end of the novel,Ryder’s sudden and abnormal behavior of abandoning his wife and children and rush to escape by tram are metaphors of his strong masculinity anxiety and the inevitable way for him to search for himself.