AA肉鸡和北京油鸡早期消化器官发育规律研究

Study on Development Regularity of Digestive Organ of AA Broilers and Beijing You Chicken

本试验旨在比较AA肉鸡和北京油鸡在胃肠道消化生理上的差异。选择1日龄雄性AA肉鸡和北京油鸡各50只,每个品种为1个处理,2个处理的日粮和饲养管理一致,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期28 d。在0、7、14、21、28日龄,每个品种分别选择10只鸡屠宰,测定其体重、肝脏、胰腺、腺胃、肌胃、小肠及小肠各段的重量,并且测定小肠及小肠各段的长度。结果表明:AA肉鸡和北京油鸡的体重均随着日龄增加而增加,相同日龄下AA肉鸡的体重高于北京油鸡(P<0.01);AA肉鸡和北京油鸡消化器官的发育规律类似,腺胃、肝脏、胰腺、小肠及小肠各段的相对重量均在7日龄达到最大值,肌胃相对重量、小肠和小肠各段的相对长度以及消化器官异速生长值均随着日龄增加而逐渐降低;7~28日龄,北京油鸡小肠和小肠各段的相对长度以及小肠各段长度异速生长值高于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),北京油鸡小肠及小肠各段的肠道密度低于AA肉鸡(P<0.05),AA肉鸡消化器官(肝脏、胰腺、腺胃和肌胃)绝对重量均高于北京油鸡(P<0.01),AA肉鸡腺胃、肌胃和肝脏的相对重量低于北京油鸡。综上所述,AA肉鸡的生长速度高于北京油鸡,而绝大多数消化器官相对重量低于北京油鸡;孵化后1周是肉鸡消化器官发育的关键时期,消化器官的增重速度高于体重增加速度,消化器官发育是体重快速增长的前提条件。

The purpose of this study was to compare the development regularity of digestive organ between AA broilers and Beijing You chickens.A total of 50 one-day-old AA broilers and Beijing You chickens were selected as the experimental animals respectively.Each species as a treatment and each treatment had 5 replicates with 10 chickens per replicate.The trial lasted 28 days,and all experiment chickens were fed the same diet and accepted the same breeding management during the experiment period.At 0,7,14,21,and 28 days of age,10 chickens of each breed were slaughtered.The weight of the body,liver,pancreas,glandular stomach,muscular stomach,small intestine and the weight of each section of small intestine of chickens were measured.The length of the small intestine and the length of each section of small intestine of chickens were also measured.The results showed as follows that the body weight(BW)of AA and Beijing You(BJY)chickens was increased with age,and the BW of AA broilers was significant higher than that of BJY chickens at the same age(P<0.01);AA and BJY chickens’development regularity of digestive organs were similar,and relative weight of glandular stomach,liver,pancreas,and all small intestine segments were the highest on 7 days of age,while relative weight of muscular stomach,relative length of all small intestine segments,and the allometric growth value of digestive organ had a trend to decrease with age;At 7~28 days old,compare with AA broilers,higher relative length and allometric growth value of small intestine segments’length,and lower intestinal density of small intestine were all observed in BJY chickens(P<0.05),while the absolute weight of digestive organs in AA broilers was significant higher than that of BJY chickens(P<0.01),and relative weight of stomach and liver in AA lower than that of BJY chickens.In summary,the growth rate of AA broilers was higher than that of BJY chickens,while relative weight of most digestive organs was lower than that of BJY chickens;1~7 days of age was a critical period for the development of digestive organs of broilers,the growth rate of digestive organs’weight was higher than that of BW,and the digestive organ development was a prerequisite for rapid weight gain.