喷施钙硅对设施春茬番茄根系生长、NPK吸收及产量和水分利用的影响

Effects of calcium and silicon on the root growth,NPK uptake,yield and water use efficiency of spring-grown tomatoes

以番茄品种鑫语为试验材料,在开花盛果期喷施含Ca(NO3)2、Ca(H2PO4)2、KSiO4、Ca(NO3)2+KSiO 4及Ca(H2PO4)2+KSiO4的悬液,探讨钙硅单一及配合施用对设施春茬番茄根系生长、NPK吸收、产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明:喷施钙硅悬液显著促进番茄根系生长及发育,显著促进根系和果实磷钾吸收;含钙悬液单独喷施处理的根系和果实氮吸收显著高于硅悬液及钙硅复配悬液;两种含钙悬液Ca(NO3)2和Ca(H2PO4)2喷施处理取得最佳调控效果,与对照相比,分别使番茄增产9%和7%,水分利用率提升7、5.5 kg·m^-3,喷施Ca(NO3)2+KSiO 4使番茄增产4.7%,水分利用率提升3.8 kg·m^-3,喷施Ca(H2PO4)2+KSiO 4和KSiO 4未取得显著的调控效果;含钙悬液单独喷施处理增加番茄产量与其促进根系发育及增加植株N吸收密切相关;两种含钙物质与KSiO 4对番茄产量的影响存在显著的交互效应,对产量的贡献呈:含钙物质>含钙物质×KSiO4>KSiO4。含钙悬液喷施技术简单高效,能实现番茄增产及生物节水能力提升。

In order to explore the improving effect of exogenous calcium(Ca)and silicon(Si)application on the growth and water utilization of spring-grown tomatoes,five kinds of suspensions containing Ca(NO3)2,Ca(H 2PO 4)2,KSiO 4,Ca(NO3)2+KSiO4,or Ca(H 2PO4)2+KSiO4,were applied on the chosen tomato variety,Xinyu,at flowering and fruiting periods.The root growth,NPK uptake,yields,and water use efficiency were measured.The results showed that,spraying of above suspensions containing Ca or Si on tomato leaves significantly stimulated root growth,and greatly enhanced root and fruit PK uptake.Compared with Si and Ca-Si mixed suspension,single Ca-containing suspension significantly increased root and fruit N uptake.Compared with control,Ca(NO3)2 and Ca(H2PO4)2 increased tomato yield by 9%and 7%,respectively,and increased water use efficiency by 7 kg·m^-3 and 5.5 kg·m^-3,respectively.Spraying of Ca(NO3)2+KSiO4 increased tomato yield by 4.7%,and increased water use efficiency by 3.8 kg·m^-3.Spraying Ca(H2PO4)2+KSiO 4 and KSiO 4 did not achieve ideal yield-increasing and water-saving effects.Yield increase of tomato by Ca suspension alone was closely related to its role in stimulating root growth and increasing plant N uptake.Each kind of Ca suspension interacted significantly with KSiO4 when influencing tomato yield,their contribution to yield ranked as:calcium>calcium×KSiO4>KSiO4.The leaf spraying technique with Ca suspension was simple and efficient,which helped facilitating the yield increase of tomato and the improvement of its biological water saving capacity.