国内外鱼道及其结构发展状况综述

Overview of Fishway and Its Structure Development at Home and Abroad

水利水电工程因拦断河道而对流域生态造成影响,随着国家对生态环境保护的重视,越来越多的水利工程需要建设鱼道。至今,已建的部分鱼道过鱼效果不佳,甚至完全失效,因此,后续的鱼道设计尤显重要。笔者通过查阅资料以及对国内鱼道进行现场调研等方式对鱼道研究现状进行了分析,总结出国内外鱼道的发展历程、鱼道过鱼效果及结构形式的发展状况,梳理了鱼道设计理念的发展,进而指出传统鱼道设计的不足,提出后续的鱼道建设能结合工程实际、有更多的创新,希望未来的鱼道设计能充分考虑已建鱼道的成败因素,并结合新认识、新技术设计运行效果最佳的鱼道。

Water conservancy and hydropower projects have an impact on the ecosystem of the basin due to blocking the river.With the attention of the state to the protection of ecological environment,more and more water conservancy projects need to build fishways.Up to now,some established fishways have poor or even completely failed,so the subsequent fishway design is particularly important.The authors analyze the research status of fishway by consulting data and conducting field research on domestic fishway,summarize the development process of fishway at home and abroad,the development status of fish passing effect and structural type,comb the development of fishway design concept,and then point out the shortcomings of traditional fishway design.It is proposed that the subsequent fishway construction can combine with engineering practice and have more innovation.It is hoped that the future fishway design can fully consider the success or failure factors of the built fishway,and design the fishway with the best operation effect by combining new understanding and new technology.