青藏高原生态系统服务权衡与协同关系

Ecosystem service trade-off and synergy on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原被称为世界的"第三极",随着全球变化和频繁的人类活动,生态系统服务之间彼此消长,分析生态系统服务的时空变化及权衡协同关系对青藏高原地区的生态环境和经济的协调发展具有重要意义。本文结合遥感、气象、土地利用等多源数据,并基于逐像元相关分析法,对研究区长时间序列下产水价值量、固碳价值量和气候调节价值量间的权衡与协同关系时空动态特征进行分析。结果表明:①1990—2015年,青藏高原三种生态系统服务产水、固碳和气候调节均呈现由西北向东南增加的空间分布格局,26年间,产水服务和气候调节服务呈波动增加的趋势,固碳服务年际间波动大涨幅小。②不同土地利用类型中,林地类型中三种服务价值量总体较高,水体类型中固碳和气候调节价值量均较低,产水价值量较高,2015年不同的土地利用类型上,产水服务的价值量表现为:林地>水体>草地>耕地;固碳价值量呈现为:林地>耕地>草地>水体;气候调节价值量呈现为:林地>草地>耕地>水体。③青藏高原中,气候调节与产水、固碳与产水间存在着此消彼长的权衡关系,而气候调节与固碳服务则具有相互促进的协同关系,固碳与气候调节的相关度最强,气候调节与产水的相关性最弱。④保护情景下,气候与产水呈现弱协同关系,气候与固碳的协同性最强,产水与固碳间的权衡性最弱,最有利于青藏高原生态环境的良好发展。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the"third pole"of the world.With the global changes and frequent human activities,its ecological problems are exacerbated.Analysis of the spatiotemporal changes of ecosystem services and trade-off synergy has important significance for the coordinated development of the ecological environment and economy in the QinghaiTibet Plateau.Based on climate regulation services,carbon sequestration and water production services,we combine remote sensing,meteorology,land use and other multi-source data,and use pixel-by-pixel correlation analysis to study the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of trade-offs and synergies in long-term sequences in the study area.The results showed that:(1)From 1990 to 2015,all the three ecosystem services presented a spatial distribution pattern,in which water production,carbon sequestration,and climate regulation increased from northwest to southeast.In the 26 years,water production services and climate regulation services showed a trend of increasing volatility,and inter-annual fluctuations in carbon sequestration services rose slightly.(2)Among different land use types,the three types of services in the forest land type are generally higher in value,while the values of carbon sequestration and climate regulation in the water body type are lower,and the value of water production is higher.In terms of land use types in 2015,the value of water production services was listed as forest land>water body>grassland>cultivated land;the value of carbon sequestration was presented as forest land>arable land>grassland>water body;the value of climate regulation was forest land>grassland>arable land>water body.(3)In the QinghaiTibet Plateau,there is a trade-off relationship between climate regulation and water production,carbon sequestration and water production.Climate regulation and carbon sequestration services have a mutually reinforcing synergistic relationship.Carbon sequestration and climate regulation are closely related.The correlation between climate regulation and water production is the weakest.(4)Under the protection scenario,the climate and water production exhibit a weak synergy relationship,with the strongest synergy between climate and carbon sequestration,and the weakest balance between water production and carbon sequestration,which is most conducive to the healthy development of the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.