全球重大疫情下的科研合作格局及其演化——以SARS、H1N1、西非Ebola和COVID-19研究为例

Evolution pattern of scientific cooperation under several global major pandemics:Take SARS,H1N1,Ebola in West Africa and COVID-19 as examples

国际合作不仅是全球探索前沿科学的主导力量,也是全球应对资源环境、气候变化、健康卫生、公共安全等问题的最佳途径。本文基于Web of Science核心数据库,系统梳理了几次全球重大疫情期间的围绕病毒及相关研究的科研合作情况及其演化态势。研究发现:①在SARS、H1N1、西非Ebola病毒及相关研究的国际合作上,美国皆扮演重要角色,但中国香港在SARS病毒研究上以及欧洲国家在Ebola病毒研究上也发挥关键作用。②通过截取四个时间节点上的COVID-19研究文献发表情况发现,中国和美国是两个最为重要的国家,尤其是中美之间的国际合作更是架构COVID-19研究国际合作网络的骨架。鉴于当前COVID-19全球大流行态势,本文建议中国研究机构应当充分利用此次COVID-19病毒在中国较早被发现的"契机"和当前中国有效控制的局势,继续加强对COVID-19病毒及疫苗的各项研究,强化对病毒动物宿主和传播途径的了解,并积极与国外科研机构,尤其是与疫情严重国家和地区的科研机构进行合作,提升科研实力和国际影响力。在合作策略上可借助中国香港地区的优势,与国外相关研究机构开展三方或多方合作。

International cooperation is not only the leading force for global exploration of cutting-edge science,but also the best way for global response to problems including resources and environment,climate change,health,public security and other issues.It takes only six months from the discovery of the Novel Coronavirus(COVID-19)to more than 6 million confirmed cases and 300,000 deaths,which not only proves that the COVID-19 is too contagious to be overcome,but also demonstrates the common destiny of all countries and regions in the era of globalization.In fact,when this outbreak was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)on 30 January 2020 by the WHO,international cooperation is regarded as the key to combating this pandemic.Based on the Web of Science database,this paper systematically reviews the international cooperation on scientific research and its evolution during several major global epidemics.The findings are as follows.In the international cooperation of SARS,H1N1 and Ebola,the United States has been playing a critical role.Meanwhile,Chinese Hong Kong and European countries took the lead in the research of SARS virus and Ebola virus,respectively.By intercepting the COVID-19 research papers on four time nodes,it is found that the cooperation between China and the United States is the constructive framework of the COVID-19 research international cooperation network.In view of the current global pandemic of COVID-19 virus,this article recommends that research institutions in China strengthen the research on COVID-19 virus and vaccines,and actively cooperate with foreign research institutions,especially those countries and regions with severe situations.In the direction of cooperation,the collaboration with U.S.research institutions should be strengthened.In terms of cooperation strategy,it can take advantage of the Hong Kong region to carry out tripartite or multi-party cooperation with relevant foreign research institutions.