玉树市城镇主要绿化树种物候期观测研究

Study on Phenology Observation of Main Tree Species of Urban Greening in Yushu City

对青海三江源高海拔城镇玉树市现有的2种针叶树种和17种阔叶树种进行2019年全年物候期观测,结果表明:针叶树种平均生长期85 d,占全年的1/4;阔叶树种平均生长期170 d,占全年的1/2.青海云杉和祁连圆柏的春芽萌动期、展叶期和顶芽封顶期3个物候期没有差异,基本一致,于4月下旬春芽萌动,5月下旬针叶舒展,7月中下旬封顶。17种阔叶树种春芽萌动期和展叶期集中,春芽萌动期从4月14日至5月2日,展叶期从5月2日至5月23日。开花期跨度比较大,从4月16日至6月25日。果实成熟期也跨度较大,从6月15日至9月5日。秋季叶变色期和落叶期除香荚谜和牡丹外都比较集中,在9月份和10月份。针叶树对立地环境有明显的选择性,阔叶树对玉树市的绿化环境没有明显的选择性。19种树种在玉树市均有完整的生长周期,均可作为绿化树种栽植。

Phenology of 2 conifer tree species and 17 broad-leaved tree species were observed in 2019 in Yushu which was a high-altitude town of Sanjiangyuan in Qinghai Province.The result showed that the average growth period of conifer tree species was 85 d,which made up a quarter of the whole year.The average growth period of broad-leaved tree species was 170 d,which made up a half of the whole year.The Germinating stage,leaf spreading stage and the late seedling emergence stage of Picea crassifolia and Sabina przewalskii had few differences which the germination period was late April,the leaf spreading period was late May,the late seedling emergence stage was middle July and late July.The Germinating stage,leaf spreading stage of 17 broad-leaved tree species were concentrate.The germination period was from Apr.14th to May.2th and the leaf emergence period was from May.2th to May.23th.Flowering stage had bigger span which was from Apr.16th to June.25th.Fruit maturation period also had bigger span,which was from June.15th to Sep.5th.Except for Viburnum farreri and Paeonia suffruticosa,discoloration period and defoliating period of other trees had focused on September and October.Conifer tree species had obvious selectivity for site in Yushu city,while broad-leaved tree species had no obvious selectivity.In short,all of 19 trees species had a complete growth cycle,and could be used as greening tree species in Yushu city.