干细胞源外泌体及改良外泌体在治疗急性心肌梗死中的研究进展

Research Progress of Stem Cell-derived Exosomes and Modified Exosomes in Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

干细胞疗法可缩小急性心肌梗死的梗死面积,而干细胞源外泌体可能是干细胞发挥心肌保护作用的主要载体,外泌体内包含脂质、蛋白质、信使RNA、微RNA等,是细胞间传递信息的重要载体,可通过抗凋亡、抗纤维化、抗炎、促进内皮细胞增殖和血管生成在急性心肌梗死中发挥生物学作用。近年来通过各种方法改良干细胞源外泌体,提高了体内移植后外泌体的保留率及其对心脏的靶向性,进而显著提高了外泌体对心肌损伤的修复作用。目前,有关急性心肌梗死治疗的干细胞源外泌体及改良外泌体的研究较广泛,未来有望应用于临床治疗。

Stem cell therapy can reduce the infarct area of acute myocardial infarction,and stem cell-derived exosomes may be the main carrier for the stem cells to exert myocardial protection.Exosomes are important carriers of information transmission,which contain lipids,proteins,messenger RNA,and microRNA etc.,playing a biological role in acute myocardial infarction through mechanisms of anti-apoptosis,anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,and promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.In recent years,many studies have used various methods to improve stem cell-derived exosomes to improve the retention rate of exosomes after transplantation in the body and their targeting to the heart,thereby significantly improving the repair effect of exosomes on myocardial injury.At present,stem cell-derived exosomes and modified exosomes have been extensively studied in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction,and are expected to be applied in the clinical treatment in the future.