衰弱评估在围手术期麻醉管理中的应用

Application of Frailty Assessment in Perioperative Anesthetic Management

衰弱综合征是一种涉及全身多维度的临床综合征,包括各脏器生理储备的下降以及全身抗应激能力的减退,这些均可导致机体各系统易损性增加,从而诱发严重后果。衰弱综合征的发生及其严重程度与年龄呈正相关,随着年龄的增长,机体各器官功能也受到不同程度的影响,麻醉风险相应增加,这对围手术期麻醉管理提出了更高的要求。目前虽无衰弱评估金标准,但近年来的评估方法得到了学者的认同和使用。在传统术前评估中,麻醉医师通常根据患者基础疾病情况凭借临床经验进行评估,而衰弱评估的应用有助于更好地制订个体化麻醉方案,显著减少不良事件的发生,优化临床结局。

Frailty syndrome is a clinical syndrome involving multiple dimensions of the whole body,including the decrease in the physiological reserves of various organs and the decrease of the anti-stress ability of the whole body,which all can lead to increased vulnerability of the body′s various systems,thereby inducing serious consequences.The occurrence and severity of frailty syndrome are positively related to age,and the function of various organs in the body will also be affected to varying degrees,which presents higher requirements for the perioperative anesthesia management,and the risks brought by anesthesia increase accordingly.Although there is no gold standard for frailty assessment,the assessment methods in recent years have been recognized and used by the scholars.In traditional preoperative evaluation,anesthesiologists usually make evaluations based on their own clinical experience and the patient′s underlying disease.The integration of frailty evaluation indicators can better formulate individualized anesthesia plans,significantly reduce the occurrence of adverse events,and optimize the clinical outcomes.