血小板膜受体脱落的研究进展

Research Progress of Platelet Membrane Receptor Abscission

血小板膜受体是血小板重要的组成部分,负责信息的接收和传递。血小板膜受体脱落是一种下调血小板表面受体密度的机制,跨膜受体在蛋白酶的作用下发生不可逆的蛋白水解。目前已发现黏附受体、整合素、黏附分子等多种血小板膜受体会发生脱落,每种受体具有特定的脱落位点和脱落酶。这些受体的脱落在血栓形成、血小板衰老等过程中发挥作用,未来针对血小板膜受体脱落位点和脱落酶的进一步研究可能为抗血小板治疗提供新的靶点。脱落的片段可作为反映血小板病理生理状态的生物标志物,具有重要的临床研究意义。

Platelet membrane receptor is an important physiological component of platelets and is responsible for receiving and transmitting information.Platelet membrane receptor abscission is a mechanism to downregulate the density of platelet surface receptors,and irreversible proteolysis of transmembrane receptors occurs under the action of protease.At present,it has been found that many kinds of platelet membranes have shedding phenomenon,such as adhesion receptors,integrins and adhesion molecules,and each receptor has a specific proteolysis site and sheddases.The shedding of these receptors plays a role in the process of thrombosis,platelet aging and so on.Further studies on platelet receptor abscission site and enzyme in the future may provide new targets for antiplatelet therapy.The shedding fragments can be used as biomarkers to reflect the pathophysiological state of platelets and have great clinical significance.