人工岛影响下的海滩修复对策研究--以海口西海岸为例

Beach restoration strategy influenced by artificial island:a case study on the west coast of Haikou

人工岛建设在缓解滨海人地矛盾的同时带来新的环境问题。本研究聚焦人工岛建设引起的岸滩侵蚀与泥沙分配失衡问题,以海口西海岸为例,建立GENESIS岸线演变模型,探讨人工岛影响下的海滩地貌演化机制,并在此基础上提出“循环养护”的海滩修复对策。主要研究结论为:①海口湾南海明珠人工岛对邻近海滩的影响以“岛后方淤积、两侧侵蚀”为显著特征,且两侧侵蚀热点区的响应幅度存在明显差异。五源河口至新国宾馆岸段侵蚀更为强烈的主导因素为物源匮乏与岸线形态外凸。②通过人工补沙与循环养护相结合的生态修复措施,可实现岸滩泥沙的合理分配与地貌的动态平衡,有效缓解人工岛引起的海岸侵蚀问题。本研究成果可为国内相似类型海岸的岸滩修复提供良好的借鉴意义。

The construction of artificial islands brings new environmental problems while alleviating the contradiction between man and land in the coastal area.Focused on the imbalanced sediment budget and beach erosion problem caused by artificial island,a shoreline evolution model of Haikou west coast using GENESIS was built,in order to study the beach morphological evolution mechanism and restoration strategy influenced by artificial island.The main conclusions include:1.the impact of“Nan Hai Ming Zhu”artificial island on adjacent beach in Haikou bay is characterized by“deposit at the back of the island and erosion on both sides”,and the response amplitude of erosion hot spots on both sides is obviously different.The erosion from Wuyuan Estuary to new State Guest Hotel is more intense,mainly due to the insufficient supply of alongshore sediments and the convex shape of shoreline.2.With the ecological restoration measures of combining sand nourishment and recycling,the reasonable distribution of alongshore beach sediments and the dynamic balance of landforms can be realized and the problem of coastal erosion caused by artificial island can be effectively alleviated.The results can provide an useful reference for the beach restoration on the similar coasts in China.