基于CAE的汽车保险杠研究与改进

Research and Improvement of Automobile Bumper Based on CAE

相比于传统吸能盒而言,由于其由单一属性的材料构成,所以其吸收能量的范围较小,存在两个极端,即溃缩,或者不溃缩。当汽车在中低速行驶发生碰撞时,由于碰撞的应力小于材料的屈服极限,所以此时碰撞的属性为刚性碰撞,以至于不能有效保护驾乘人员的安全。本文基于材料力学及有限元思想,借助计算机进行CAE分析,成功设计出一款符合材料力学的两个叠加且吸能效果较好、碰撞应力范围广的吸能盒。通过对不同材料性能的研究,数据结果表明一个铝合金材料和一个普通碳素钢Q235材料的四方形吸能盒通过激光搭接焊[1]的方式叠加的吸能效果最好,并保证汽车在中低速碰撞时,吸能盒能够有效地发生溃缩以最大程度保护驾乘人员安全。

Compared with the traditional energy absorption box,because it is only composed of a singleproperty of materials,its energy absorption range is small,there are two extremes,namely collapse or non-collapse.When a car crashes at medium and low speed,the impact stress is less than the yield limit of thematerial,so the attribute of the collision is rigid collision,which cannot protect the safety of drivers andpassengers to the maximum extent.In this paper,based on the ideas of material mechanics and finite element,CAE analysis was carried out by computer,and an energy absorption box with two superposition in accordancewith material mechanics and good energy absorption effect with wide range of collision stress was successfullydesigned.By studying the properties of different materials,The data results show that the superposition of analuminum alloy and a square energy absorption box of ordinary carbon steel Q235 by laser lap welding""hasthe best energy absorption effect.And to ensure that the car in the low and medium speed collision,the energyabsorption box can effectively collapse to the maximum extent to protect the safety of drivers and passengers.