从白皮书看越南国防战略的调整与变化

A New Peace and Self-Defence:Comment on Vietnam’s National Defense White Paper 2019

2019年底,越南时隔10年第四次发布国防白皮书。越南选择在人民军建军75周年之际发布该白皮书,引起了各方的关注。《2019年越南国防》主要基于地缘环境的变化对国防政策进行调整,提出了今后国防和军队建设的方向,或直接或间接地回应了各方对越南在国防预算、南海问题、越美关系和中越关系等方面政策的关注。在《2019年越南国防》中,国防政策调整为新和平自卫政策,即坚持持久斗争,在国际法基础上以和平方式解决所有争端和分歧,实施“及早远程防卫,随时反侵略战争”的方针。今后的国防建设方向,则调整为以军区防守为引导,建设更高水平的区域防守。在军队建设方面,人民军朝着军种化等方向调整编制,提高武器装备的自给能力,外购部分先进武器,至2030年完成现代化。由于直接或间接融汇了21世纪以来相关领域的理论研究成果,尤其是近年来制定的多份战略文件,该白皮书的理论化程度更高,系统性、逻辑性更强。与前三份白皮书相比,《2019年越南国防》更多的是对相关领域的系统化发展,内容非常新,信息量非常大,非常具有现实意义,各项政策至少对今后10年都具有较强的指导性。

On November 25,2019,Vietnam released its fourth Defense White Paper since the previous edition issued in 2009.National Defense White Paper 2019 includes answers about Vietnam’s policy on defense budget,South China Sea,and bilateral relations with China as well as the US.The defense policy describes in solving all disputes and disagreements by peaceful means based on international law and implementing the motto of“defending the homeland from afar and with a clear vision very early and always getting ready to fight invasion wars.”Regarding the development of the Vietnam People’s Armed Forces,Regional or Provincial defense will lead the development of its military power,they will focus on building a higher level of regional defense system on its territory.With eye on boosting self-sufficiency,Vietnam will continue to enhances self-reliance by“building and enhancing weapons and equipment”,improving the structure of all forces according to missions,and to have a modern military power by 2030.As the most important official documents on defense and military strategy,this White Paper elaborates on the overall principles and policies of protecting the Vietnamese homeland and can be a guideline for the next 10 years.