区域治理视域下的东盟环境问题

ASEAN Environmental Problems from the Perspective of Regional Governance

环境问题是区域治理的重要组成部分。20世纪80年代以来,环境问题已成为影响东盟社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一,平衡经济增长与环境的可持续性成为东盟必须认真考虑解决的问题。为应对日益恶化的环境问题,东盟建立了不少合作机制,签署了若干宣言、倡议和协定,并积极与域外国家和环境组织开展合作,然而治理成效还是有限。从东盟存在的环境问题、合作机制和面临的挑战来看,制约东盟环境治理成效的因素,既有东盟层面的,也有东盟成员国层面的。东盟的环境治理尚未摆脱以国家为核心的传统治理模式,区域间缺乏有效的协调与合作,导致治理成效不佳。其中,“东盟方式”是最大的障碍,如何突破“不干涉成员国内政”这一原则的限制,将是东盟环境合作能否取得成效的关键。东盟治理能力的缺陷和缺乏有效的危机应急管理机制、区域意识淡薄、区域合作治理意志与决心不强、集体行动迟缓,说明东盟仍只是一个松散的国家集团。因此,如何协调政治—安全、经济、社会—文化三大支柱之间的关系,实现经济与环境的可持续发展,东盟还有很长的路要走。

Since the 1980s,environmental issues have become one of the important factors affecting the sustainable development of ASEAN’s society and economy.In response to the worsening environmental problems,ASEAN has established a number of cooperation mechanisms and signed several declarations,initiatives and agreements,and actively cooperated with countries outside the region and environmental organizations,the effectiveness of governance has been limited.From the perspective of regional governance,taking ASEAN environmental governance as an example,from the aspects of ASEAN’s environmental problems,it is found that the“ASEAN Way”is the biggest obstacle,especially how to break through the principle of“non-interference in internal affairs of member states”will be the key to the success of ASEAN environmental governance.This finding essentially reflects the shortcomings of ASEAN’s governance ability and the lack of effective crisis emergency management mechanisms,weak regional consciousness,etc..Therefore,ASEAN has a long way to go in terms of how to coordinate the relationship among the three pillars of Political-Security,Economic,and Social-Cultural,and realize sustainable development of economy and environmental protection.