孟加拉国泰戈尔研究的历史与现实意义

The Historical and Practical Significance of Tagore Studies in Bangladesh

亚洲第一位诺贝尔文学奖得主罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔(Rabindranath Tagore,1861~1941年)是世界级文学天才和思想巨匠。一百多年来,泰戈尔的作品在世界各地一再被翻译出版,关于他的研究成果也层出不穷。世界的泰戈尔研究成果中最丰富、最全面、最深入的当属泰戈尔的母语地区——孟加拉语地区的泰戈尔研究。从东孟加拉到东巴基斯坦再到独立后的孟加拉国,泰戈尔的研究也由于政治、文化、宗教等原因经历了很多的跌宕起伏。泰戈尔曾被认为是“印度文化的继承者”而被巴基斯坦禁止。印巴分治十几年间,泰戈尔研究主要都局限在“少数开明的文学家和数量庞大的宗派主义者”之间的“泰戈尔论争”中。1961年围绕泰戈尔的百年诞辰,东巴基斯坦的整个文化阶层和政府对立。泰戈尔也逐渐成为孟加拉文化的旗帜,激励了东巴基斯坦孟加拉人的语言和文化政治运动,成为激励孟加拉国独立的精神源泉。孟加拉国独立后,关于泰戈尔的相关性的争议又起,开始了对泰戈尔重新发现和研究的过程。梳理孟加拉国的泰戈尔接受史对于我国的泰戈尔研究,对于加强中孟、中印文化交流与互鉴,构建“亚洲命运共同体”具有重要的意义。

Rabindranath Tagore(1871~1941)is Asia’s first Nobel Prize winner for literature.Over the past 100 years,the researches about him have emerged in an endless stream.Among the world’s most abundant,comprehensive and in-depth research on Tagore is the Bengali language region,the mother tongue of Tagore.From East Pakistan to independent Bangladesh,Tagore’s research also experienced many ups and downs due to political,cultural,religious and other reasons.Tagore was once considered“the successor of Indian culture”and was banned by the Pakistani authorities.During the East Pakistan time,the study of Tagore was mainly confined to the“Tagore controversy”between a few enlightened writers and a large number of sectarians.Tagore has gradually become the banner of Bengali culture,which has inspired the language,culture and political movement in East Pakistan.After the independence of Bangladesh,the controversy about the relevance of Tagore arose again and the process of rediscovering Tagore began.To sort out the history of Tagore acceptance in Bangladesh is of great significance to the study of Tagore in China,to strengthen the cultural exchange between China,Bangladesh and India,and to build an“Asian community of shared destiny”.