五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状的变异特征

Variation characteristics of leaf functional traits of Populus davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano,northeastern China

【目的】探讨五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状特征,揭示植物对火山生境的适应,以及对不同坡向的生存策略,为特殊生境和微地形生境下植物的适应机制提供参考依据。【方法】以5座火山共有植物山杨为对象,测定叶面积(LS)、叶厚度(LT)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质量(LDMC)、叶碳含量(LCC)、叶氮含量(LNC)、叶磷含量(LPC)和叶氮磷比(LNP)等8种功能性状在坡向间、火山间的变化规律和变异特征,分析叶功能性状间相互关系和主成分。【结果】(1)除LCC外,其他7种功能性状在南北坡向间均具有显著差异,LT、LDMC、LNC、LNP表现为南坡大于北坡,而LS、LCC、LPC表现为南坡小于北坡。(2)山杨SLA、LCC、LPC在新、老期火山间差异显著,但在老期火山间差异不显著。(3)火山南坡、北坡山杨LT与LDMC呈显著负相关,南、北坡向及火山间山杨LNP与LNC均呈极显著正相关、与LPC呈极显著的负相关关系。(4)火山环境中山杨LNP、LPC、LNC和LS在叶功能性状分化中起到主要贡献作用。【结论】五大连池火山山杨叶功能性状的变异与火山喷发的特殊性有关,山杨通过调节自身功能性状形成不同的生存策略来适应南、北坡向和不同火山环境,在生长过程中更容易受到氮元素缺乏的限制。火山森林生态系统是一个特殊环境,研究火山植被演替和植物功能性状等问题需要结合火山喷发的特殊情况深入讨论。

[Objective]Considering the leaf functional traits of Populus davidiana in Wudalianchi Volcano of northeastern China,thus we can recognize the adaptation of plant to volcanic environment and their resource utilization strategies to slopes,so as to provide reference for plant adaptation mechanism in special habitat and micro terrain habitat.[Method]The variations of leaf traits of P.davidiana in different slopes and ages of volcanoes were studied,such as leaf area(LS),leaf thickness(LT),specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf carbon content(LCC),leaf nitrogen content(LNC),leaf phosphorus content(LPC),and leaf nitrogen phosphorus ratio(LNP),further the correlation and principal components of leaf functional characters were analyzed.[Result](1)Except for LCC,other leaf functional characters were significantly different between north and south slopes.LT,LDMC,LNC and LNP of the south slope were higher than those of the north slope,while LS,LCC and LPC of the south slope were smaller than those of the north slope.(2)There were significant differences in SLA,LCC and LPC between new and old volcanoes,but not in old volcanoes.(3)LT and LDMC were negatively correlated on the south and north slopes,LNP and LNC were positively correlated,LNP and LPC were negatively correlated on the south slopes,north slopes and volcanoes.(4)In volcanic environment,LNP,LPC,LNC and LS play an important role in the differentiation of leaf functional traits.[Conclusion]The variation of functional traits of P.davidiana is related to the particularity of volcanic eruption in Wudalianchi Volcano,P.davidiana adapts to the north-south slope environment by adjusting its functional traits to form different survival strategies,and the growth of P.davidiana is mainly limited by nitrogen in Wudalianchi.The volcanic forest ecosystem is a special environment,studying the volcanic vegetation succession and plant functional properties needs to be further discussed in combination with the special situation of volcanic eruption.