工作家庭冲突对女性知识型员工创新行为的影响研究

A research on the influence of work family conflict on female knowledge worker′s innovative behavior

以321名女性知识型员工为样本,本文考察了工作家庭冲突对创新行为的影响机制,分析了情感平衡的中介作用以及未来时间洞察力的调节作用。结果表明:工作家庭冲突对女性知识型员工的创新行为有显著的负向影响;情感平衡在工作家庭冲突影响女性知识型员工创新行为的过程中起中介作用;女性知识型员工的未来时间洞察力调节了家庭-工作冲突通过情感平衡影响创新行为的中介作用。

With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasingly fierce market competition, more and more enterprises begin to try to innovate. As the major force of enterprise innovation, knowledge workers play a vital role in this process. In view of that their innovative behavior directly affects the enterprise innovation performance, how to stimulate knowledge workers′ innovative behavior has become the focus of attention of all sectors of society.In China, with the continuous improvement of female′s educational level, the number and proportion of female knowledge workers are increasing day by day. However, due to the influence of traditional culture, their role of "housekeeper" has not been weakened, which makes female knowledge workers be endowed with the dual roles of "career woman" and "housekeeper" at the same time. Compared with male knowledge workers, they tend to experience a higher degree of work family conflict. Scholars have conducted many researches on the work family conflict of female knowledge workers. In these studies, research conclusions have shown that the role stress associated with work family conflict has a direct or an indirect negative impact on their creativity. As is known to all, creativity is the premise and foundation of innovative behavior. So, does work family conflict has an impact on innovate behavior? Especially for the female knowledge workers who play the dual roles of "career woman" and "housekeeper" Unfortunately, there are few kinds of literature to answer the important question of whether and how work family conflict could influence innovate behavior, especially for female knowledge workers.According to Affective Event Theory, workers′ work behavior is affected by their current affective state, which is determined by the "affective events" composed of events and conditions in their environment. Studies have shown that work family conflict is significantly correlated with individual affect. Actually, individual affect has significant influences on innovative behavior. Therefore, this paper proposes that work family conflict have an impact on innovative behavior through individual affect state. Individual affect usually includes both positive and negative aspects, but most studies only focus on one aspect of it while exploring the effects on individual behaviors. In fact, individual affect is characterized by complexity and volatility, and often out of a simple state of "either good or bad". Some scholars have already suggested that paying the attention to the co-existence of positive and negative aspects could explore the prediction function of individual affect to innovation more deeply and clearly. Thus, this paper selects affection balance as a mediator from a more comprehensive perspective to investigate its mediating effect on the relationship between work family conflict and innovative behavior.Socioemotional Selectivity Theory explains the relationship between human emotional management and individual behavior from a perspective of time. This theory suggests that people′s subjective perceptions of the time they have left in their lives, known as future time perspective, can predict human cognition, emotions and motivation. Due to the difference in motivation among people′s pursuit of the future and management of the present, the level of individual future time perspective also varies, which will lead to the difference among individuals′ emotional management and control. Therefore, this paper introduces future time perspective into the model, as a boundary condition in the relationship between work family conflict and innovative behavior, to investigate whether the mediating effect of affection balance will change with the different degree of future time perspective.To sum up, based on Affective Event Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, this paper constructs a moderated mediation model to systematically explore the logical relationship between work family conflict and innovative behavior. Using samples of 321 female knowledge workers, this paper examines the influence mechanism of work family conflict on innovative behavior, and analyzes the mediating effect of affection balance and moderating effect of future time perspective. Results indicate that: firstly, work family conflict has significant negative effects on innovative behavior. Secondly, affection balance mediates the relationship between work family conflict and innovative behavior. Thirdly, the mediating effect of affection balance between family work conflict and innovative behavior is moderated by future time perspective. Moreover, this paper also draws a practical contribution to guide the enterprise innovation management of knowledge workers.