多模态纳米分子探针在动物模型易损斑块中靶向分子成像的研究进展

Research progress in targeted molecular imaging of multimodal nanomolecular probes in vulnerable plaques in animal models

易损斑块的破裂常常导致急性冠状动脉综合征,造成严重的心血管事件。早期监测易损斑块对于预防急性冠状动脉综合征具有重要意义。目前,分子影像技术能在细胞和分子水平对疾病进行早期检测,其中,用于监测易损斑块的分子影像技术有核医学分子显像、超声分子成像、MRI和光学成像等。近年来,多模态分子影像技术由于结合了多种分子影像技术的优势,能够提供更多解剖与生物代谢信息,因此在监测易损斑块中具有更高的价值。多模态分子探针的制备与构建对疾病的分子影像诊断至关重要,寻找合适的靶点、增强分子探针的靶向性有利于提高疾病的检出率,为更敏感地检出早期易损斑块提供可能。纳米颗粒因其特殊的性能与优点已被广泛应用于多模态分子探针的研究中,然而,此类探针尚处于临床前研究阶段,主要应用于动物模型中。笔者针对易损斑块在组织学以及细胞与分子生物学变化中出现的各种生物标志物,综述多模态纳米分子探针在动物模型易损斑块中靶向分子成像的研究进展。

The rupture of vulnerable plaques often leads to acute coronary syndrome,causing severe cardiovascular events.Therefore,early detection of vulnerable plaques is of great significance.Molecular imaging technology,such as nuclear medicine molecular imaging,ultrasound molecular imaging,MRI and optical imaging,are used to monitor vulnerable plaques.In recent years,multimodal molecular imaging technology,providing more anatomical and biological metabolism information,has higher application value in monitoring vulnerable plaques.The preparation and construction of multimodal molecular probes are crucial for molecular imaging diagnosis of diseases.Seeking suitable targets and enhancing the targeting of molecular probes are beneficial to improve the detection rate of diseases and vulnerable plaques.Nanomaterials with special properties and advantages have been widely used in multimodal molecular probes.However,these nanoprobes are still in the preclinical research stage and are mainly used in animal models.This review focuses on the various biomarkers that appear in the histological,cellular and molecular biological changes of vulnerable plaques,and summarizes the research progress in targeted molecular imaging of multimodal nanomolecular probes in vulnerable plaques in animal models.