现代司法形式主义的奠基者——纪念霍姆斯大法官诞辰180周年

The Founder of Modern Judicial Formalism:Commemorating the 180th Brith Anniversary of Justice Holmes

19世纪中叶,罗马法所开创的古典形式主义面临现代社会转型的强烈冲击,在大陆法系的耶林通过概念的合目的性诠释使形式主义与正义相容之后,霍姆斯在英美法系开创了同样兼容形式与正义的经验论法学。霍姆斯经验论法学用独创的“经验”概念,对逻辑推理过程进行了实践理性改造,实现了司法哲学中规则与经验的统一、历史与现实的统一、法发展的内容与形式的统一,使法的确定性与法的合目的性发展相容,从而奠定了现代司法形式主义的根基,确立了具有包容性实证主义特色的预测论法概念。霍姆斯法学的总体倾向是逻辑形式主义,而不是实用主义、现实主义。研究霍姆斯、正确理解与借鉴霍姆斯的经验论法学,对于把握当下中国司法哲学研究的方向与促进司法实践的法治化具有重大意义。

In the middle of the 19th century,the classical formalism founded by Roman law confronted with the harsh struck of the modern society transformation,combined with Yellin’s theory of purposeful interpretation of definition making the formalism compatible with justice,Hommes set up empiricism law combining form with justice.The empiricism law reforming the logical reasoning into practical rationality by the definition of experience had achieved the unity of rule and experience in judicial philosophy,the unity of history and reality,and the unity of substance and form in the legal history.Therefore,it led to the compatibility of the certainty and purposeful interpretation of laws,the foundation of the modern judicial formalism,and the forecasting legal definition of compatibility and positivism.The legal theory by Hommes was mainly the logical formalism,instead of pragmatism and realism.The study on Hommes,the proper understanding and reference of the empiricism law is of great significance of the direction of China Judicial philosophy study and the rule of law in judicial practice.