正犯实质化概念的厘清

The Normative Definition of the Concept of Substantial Perpetrators

当前研究对正犯实质化的基本内涵和范畴缺乏清晰的认识。正犯实质化是指从存在论角度看,行为人没有亲自实行刑法分则规定某罪的全部构成要件行为,但经过实质化、规范化的评价后,可以视为行为人亲自实行了刑法分则规定某罪的全部构成要件行为。它属于解释论范畴,而非立法论范畴。间接正犯和共同正犯均是正犯实质化的结果。从形式维度来看,正犯实质化体现为行为人实施构成要件的方式由亲自、全部实行变为间接、部分甚至不实行;从实质维度来看,正犯实质化体现为正犯成立标准的功能化演变。

Current research seems to lack a clear understanding of the basic connotation and category of substantial perpetrators.In fact,substantial perpetrators refer to those criminals who do not personally,directly and completely implement any constitutive acts of a crime from an ontological perspective,but are considered to be in violation of specific provisions of the Criminal law because of substantive and normative explanation of the law.It belongs to the category of interpretation,not in the scope of legislation.Both indirect perpetrators and co-perpetrators are the concrete substantial perpetrators.From the perspective of formality,the actor shall not personally,directly and completely implement any constitutive acts of a crime;from the perspective of substance,the formal standard of perpetrators evolves into the substantive standard.