“人才争夺战”政策文本计量与效能评价——一个企业使用政策的视角

Text Measurement and Effectiveness Evaluation on the Talent Policy of “the War for Talent”:A Perspective Based on Enterprise Using Policy

系统性梳理"人才争夺战"背景下各地人才新政及其使用策略,对实现人才政策"为我(企业)所用"、推动企业产业布局和转型升级具有重要意义。基于企业使用人才政策的视角探究如何推动人才新政在企业高效落地施行,以典型企业上汽集团为例并选择其15个整车基地所在城市2014—2018年出台的共计443项人才政策作为研究样本,综合运用文本计量、PMC指数模型、文本挖掘和内容分析等多种研究方法,对各基地城市人才新政进行系统性文本量化梳理、效能评价和使用探究。结果发现:(1)各地人才政策工具主要集中于人才创新创业和人才引进,放宽落户条件已是大势所趋,"人才争夺战"逐渐演变为人口劳动力之争,人才落户、购房补贴、生活补助、税收优惠等已成各地政府人才吸引主要手段,且政策落地措施总体呈现政策精准度有待提升、前瞻性布局欠缺、政策配套不足、关键紧缺人才专项政策偏少、工具措施较为单一且同质化现象突出等特点;(2)各地人才政策效能总体处于可接受范围,6类政策中人才引进、创新、培养等3类政策PMC指数总得分相对最高,10项指标中政策时效、产业导向、作用层面、支持措施、海内外倾向等5项指标得分总体偏低,表明各地人才政策仍有待进一步改善;(3)当前企业使用人才政策过程存在企业未能充分发挥主体作用、政策使用观念意识缺失、政府—企业协同配合存在缺位等瓶颈问题,未来应充分发挥企业引才主导作用、强化企业观念意识和重视程度、推动政府—企业—产业—人才多方协同、构建完善人才政策配套生态体系,并从人才引进、使用、培养、创新、保障等多层面切实提升政策使用的配套协同效应。

It is of great significance to systematically research the new talent policies in various cities under the background of "the War for Talent",which is helpful to promote the efficient utilization of talents policy,industrial layout and transformation and upgrading of enterprises.Based on the perspective of enterprise using talent policy,the study takes the typical enterprise SAIC Group as an example and uses a total of 443 talent policies issued in 15 vehicle base cities from 2014 to 2018 as research samples,and it intends to explore how to promote the effective implementation of the new talent policy in the enterprise.By comprehensively using a variety of methods such as text mining,text measurement,content analysis,survey interviews,Policy Modeling Consistency(PMC) index model,and with a combination use of various auxiliary software tools such as R,Excel,and ROSTCM6 text mining software,the research attempts to conduct systematic text measurement,effectiveness evaluation,and implementation strategies for the talent policy under the background of the "the War for Talent".The research results show that:(1) Local government talent policy tools mainly focus on talent innovation and introduction,and the relaxation of settlement conditions has become the general trend.In addition,talent settlement,housing subsidies,living subsidies,tax concessions and so on have become the main means of attracting talents,and the policy implementation measures generally show some characteristics,such as lack of policy precision,lack of forward-looking layout,insufficient policy support,insufficient special policies for key talents,relatively simple tools and measures,and prominent phenomenon of policy homogenization.(2) The effectiveness of talent policy in each city is generally in an acceptable range.Moreover,the total scores of PMC index of talent introduction,innovation and training are relatively the highest among the six types of policies,and the overall scores of policy prescription,industry orientation,function level,support measures and domestic and foreign tendencies are on the low side among the 10 indicators,which indicates that the talent policy of each government still needs to be further improved.(3) There are some bottleneck problems in the process of enterprise using talent policy,such as enterprise’s failure to give full play to its main role,the lack of awareness of policy use,and the absence of government-enterprise coordination.In the future,we should give full play to the leading role of enterprises in attracting talents,strengthen enterprises ’ awareness of making full use of talent policy,promote the cooperation between government,enterprise,industry and talent,construct and perfect the supporting ecological system of talent policy,and effectively enhance the synergy effect of policy use from the aspects of talent introduction,use,training,innovation,security and so on.Compared with the existing literature,the innovations and contributions of the article are mainly as follows:(1) The research applies the PMC index model,an emerging policy evaluation method that has prevailed in recent years,innovatively in the evaluation of talent policies,builds a PMC index evaluation system for talent policies,and combines the newly introduced PMC bubble chart with the PMC surfaces to display the index calculation results more visually,which can provide a new perspective and research paradigm for the quantitative evaluation of talent policy.(2) Most of the existing studies tend to apply the PMC index model to single policy evaluation,while this study attempts to apply the PMC index model to the evaluation of a type of policy tool consisting of a series of policies,and separately evaluates the six types of policy tools in the overall talent policy system of each local government.(3) This study carries on the pre-policy evaluation to the talent policy itself based on the perspective of enterprise using policy,and comprehensively uses various methods and systematically to comb the situation of the new talent policy of local government under the background of "the War for Talent" from multiple dimensions and perspectives,the conclusions and enlightenment of which can provide new analytical perspective and theoretical evidence for the deepening exploration of talent policy theory,and also provide experience for the implementation of the new talent policy in enterprises.