A1、A2 β-酪蛋白对肠脑轴影响的比较研究进展

Comparative effects of A1β-casein and A2β-casein versus on the gut-brain axis

β-酪蛋白是牛乳蛋白的主要成分,其中以A1、A2β-酪蛋白最为常见。β-酪蛋白衍生肽具有生物活性,可影响胃肠道和肠脑轴功能。A1和A2β-酪蛋白具有不同的生理效应,其中A1β-酪蛋白衍生肽可能加重肠道功能障碍和胃肠道炎症、干扰氧化还原平衡,并可能导致神经炎症和认知功能障碍。临床试验表明,与饮用含A1和A2β-酪蛋白的牛奶相比,饮用不含A1β-酪蛋白的牛奶胃肠不良症状和肠道炎症较少,并且在标准化测试中与认知功能的改善相关。虽然还需要进一步研究A1和A2β-酪蛋白在生理和发育过程中的作用,但目前的研究表明,避免食用A1β-酪蛋白可改善人的整体健康,尤其是改善消化和认知功能。

β-casein proteins,of which A2β-casein and A1β-casein are the most common isoforms,are major components of bovine milk protein.β-casein-derived peptides are bioactive,affecting the function of the gastrointestinal(GI)tract and the gut-brain axis.A1β-casein and A2β-casein have different physiological effects.Peptides derived from A1β-casein are suggested to exacerbate gut dysfunction,GI inflammation and perturb redox balance,potentially leading to neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction.Studies in humans demonstrate that consumption of milk containing no A1β-casein is associated with fewer adverse GI symptoms and less gut inflammation than consumption of milk containing A1 and A2β-casein,and with improved cognitive functioning in standardized tests.While some aspects require further investigation concerning the impact of A1β-casein and A2β-casein on physiological and developmental processes,current findings suggest that avoiding dietary A1β-casein intake may improve overall health,and particularly digestive and cognitive functioning.