美国雨洪管理中的多部门合作经验分析

Analysis of Multi-department Cooperation Experience in Stormwater Management in the United States

各职能部门之间的协调和工作衔接是海绵城市建设过程中的重要内容之一。在我国先后两批试点城市海绵建设中,多部门合作发挥了积极作用,但也暴露出一些突出问题,给建设项目推进带来诸多困难,有些甚至成为顺利推进海绵城市建设的瓶颈之一。美国在现代雨洪管理领域几十年的发展过程中,逐渐形成了相对有效的多部门合作机制以及联邦、州、郡、市几个政府管理层级的协调机制。通过查阅美国政策文件以及年度报告等资料,分别从联邦和地方两个层级,对美国雨洪管理中的多部门合作及其经验进行分析,对完善我国海绵城市建设中的多部门合作提出建议,包括重视立法、明确职责、完善协调机制以及加强流域治理合作等四个方面。

The coordination and work connection among the functional departments is one of the important contents in the process of sponge city construction. In the sponge construction of two batches of pilot cities, multi-department cooperation has played a positive role. However, the problems exposed have also brought many difficulties to construction projects,and some have even become one of the bottlenecks in the construction of sponge cities. In the course of decades of development of stormwater management in US,a relatively effective multi-department cooperation mechanism has been formed and a coordination mechanism has been established gradually at the federal,state,county and city governments. By reviewing the US policy documents and annual reports,this paper analyzes the multi-sectoral cooperation and its related experience in stormwater management from the federal and local levels. And some suggestions for improving the interagency cooperation in the sponge cities construction in China have been put forward including strengthening legal safeguards, clarifying responsibility, improving cooperation mechanisms and strengthening cooperation on watershed management.