草原区煤电基地土壤风-水复合侵蚀研究

Study on soil water-wind compound erosion of prairie coal-electricity base

针对研究区域的气候条件、植被状况、土壤性质、地形地貌等因素,建立了土壤侵蚀风-水复合模型,通过遥感反演、数据融合、空间插值、统计分析等方法获取了土壤侵蚀因子,估算了2000,2005,2010和2015年的土壤侵蚀模数,并进行了分级统计和时空演变分析.结果表明:1)随着煤电基地开发规模的不断扩大,土壤侵蚀不断恶化,2000—2015年土壤平均侵蚀模数由74.24 t/(hm^2·a)增加到222.77 t/(hm^2·a),增加了200.07%;土壤总侵蚀量由16 682.22万t/a上升至50 048.49万t/a,增加了33 366.27万t/a;2)强烈侵蚀、极强烈侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀主要分布在坡度较大、植被覆盖度较低的区域,露天开采使露天采坑、剥离区与排土场形成了内低外高的鲜明地形,植被破坏严重,成为极强烈侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀的聚集区;3)土壤侵蚀模数与坡度呈显著正相关,与植被覆盖度呈显著负相关.

Based on the climatic conditions, vegetation conditions, soil properties, landform and other factors, a water-wind compound model of soil erosion was established. By means of remote sensing inversion, data fusion, spatial interpolation, statistical analysis and other data processing methods, soil erosion factors were obtained,and soil erosion modulus in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were evaluated and graded. The results show that: 1) the soil erosion in the study area is deteriorating with continuous expansion of the coal-electricity base. During 2000-2015, the average soil erosion modulus are increased from 74.24 to 222.77 t/(hm^2·a),up 200.07%, whereas the total soil erosion are increased from 166.822 2 to 500.484 9 million t/a(an increase of 333.662 7 million t/a);2) strong erosion, extremely strong erosion, and severe erosion are mostly distributed in the areas with large slopes and low vegetation coverage. A distinct terrain with low interior and high exterior is formed by opening pits, stripping areas and dumping sites from Open-pit mining, where the vegetation is severely damaged, rendering the aggregation area with extremely strong erosion and severe erosion;3) soil erosion modulus significantly positively correlated with slope and negatively correlated with the vegetation coverage.