森林景观恢复的基本特征与应用原则探讨

Basic Features and Application Principles of Forest Landscape Restoration

森林景观恢复是目前全球广泛关注和采用的生态恢复理念之一。许多国家和地区开展了森林景观恢复的研究和应用实践工作。由于对森林景观恢复的基本特征缺乏清晰的认识,经常有人将其等同于森林恢复、恢复大面积森林、生态恢复等。国内外的案例表明,未能遵循森林景观恢复的应用原则甚至经常导致相关恢复项目的重大缺陷或失败。目前还没有学者对森林景观恢复的基本特征和应用原则进行较为系统的阐释和探究。文中介绍了森林景观恢复具有过程性、致力于恢复生态完整性、谋求增进人类福祉和在景观尺度上实施4个基本特征。同时,基于国内外文献,归纳总结并详细阐释了森林景观恢复的8个应用原则,即注重景观、恢复生态功能、多重效益并重、多种技术措施平衡、相关利益方参与、因地制宜、避免减少天然林、循序渐进。通过对上述特征和原则的分析和探究,期望对我国森林景观恢复的相关研究起到积极的促进作用,同时对于促进森林景观恢复理念在实践中的科学应用也具有积极的指导意义。

Forest landscape restoration is one of the widely concerned and applied concepts for ecological restoration all over the world. Many countries and regions have carried out research and application for forest landscape restoration. Forest landscape restoration is always equated to forest restoration, large forest rehabilitation, ecological restoration and other concepts because there is no clear understanding of its basic features. The case studies show that the failure to observe its application principles often lead to the critical defect or even failure of restoration projects. The basic features and application principles of forest landscape restoration has not been systematically expounded and explored so far. The paper explains the 4 basic features of forest landscape restoration in detail, i.e., the procedural feature of forest landscape restoration, focusing on ecological integrity, seeking for human well-being and implementing on the landscape scale. Based on international and national literature, 8 application principles of forest landscape restoration are summarized as follows: 1) focus on landscape;2) restoration ecological function;3) emphasis on equalization of multiple benefits;4) balance of various technical measures;5) stakeholders participation;6) adaptation to local conditions;7) avoiding the reduction of natural forests;8) in proper sequence. The analysis of the above features and principles is expected to play a positive role in promoting the study of forest landscape restoration in China and provide indicative value for the promotion and application of the forest landscape restoration method in practices.