从定位到补位:当前公共体育场馆社会化改革中的地方政府角色再研究

From Positioning to Complementing:A Re-Examination of the Role of Local Governments in the Current Socialization Reform of Public Sports Venues

主要采用文献资料法、访谈法和文本分析法等研究方法,就公共体育场馆社会化改革中的地方政府角色进行了再研究。结果表明:从角色认知、角色执行和角色效果等多个层面来看,公共体育场馆社会化改革中的地方政府角色定位应遵循私法逻辑。而选择面过窄,社会力量自身发育不足;从内部生产到外部购买,地方政府总体性角色的分解和新角色的呈现;以及由于契约关系非市场化和委托-代理链条过长而带来的地方政府多重角色的重叠,是制约场馆改革中地方政府角色定位及其职能行使的主要原因。为此,就场馆改革中地方政府角色的补位提出:改变角色认知,明晰场馆改革的民商事属性;培育中介组织,借助专门的场馆运营平台公司,着力解决地方政府多重角色的有效区隔问题;优化合同设计,出台省级示范合同文本,充分彰显合同在场馆改革中的核心地位和主导作用;加强监管,推行负面清单,实行一票否决制等重要意见及建议。

This study focuses on the role of local governments in the socialization reform of public stadiums and gymnasiums by using the methods of documentation,interview and textual analysis.The results show that the two dimensions of public law and private law can be used as the main basis for positioning the role of governments in the reform process of public stadiums and gymnasiums.Moreover,from the perspective of role perception,role implementation and role effect,there is still much room for improvement in the role of local governments and the exercise of its functions in the current stadium reform.The main reasons for this are the narrow choice and the weak development of social forces;the decomposition of the overall role of local governments and the presentation of new roles from internal production to external purchase;and the non-marketization of contractual relations and the long principal-agent chain,which lead to the overlap of multiple roles of local governments,to name a few.To this end,the complementary role of the local governments in sports venue reform is also proposed:changing role perception,clarifying the civil and commercial attributes of the socialized reform of public sports venues;fostering intermediary organizations,with the help of specialized venue operation platform companies,and focusing on solving the effective separation of multiple roles of the local governments;optimizing contract designs,introducing provincial model contract texts,fully highlighting the central and dominant position of contracts in venue reform;as well as strengthening supervision,implementing a negative list system,incorporating social events with significant negative impacts into the supervision system,and implementing a one-vote veto system,with a view to clarify the relationship between power and responsibility,offering inspiration and reference for the smooth promotion of the socialization reform of public stadiums in China.