体育赛事节目的广播组织权保护研究

Research on the Protection of Rights of Broadcasting Organizations of Sports Event Programs

近年来,各大互联网公司斥巨资抢夺的体育赛事节目播出资源饱受盗播之苦。体育赛事节目相关纠纷频发,法院对体育赛事节目的权利属性和保护路径看法不一,导致判决结果各异。对此,从促进体育产业健康发展的角度出发,运用案例分析法和文献分析法,研究我国体育赛事节目的保护现状及其存在的问题,提出通过完善广播组织权来保护体育赛事节目。我国新《著作权法》为广播组织扩张了转播权并新增信息网络传播权,但未解决广播组织权利主体和权利客体等相关问题。应当将广播组织权的主体范围扩大至新型的网络传播主体,确定广播组织权的客体为载有节目的信号,基于利益平衡原则对权利进行一定的限制,如赋予公众免费观看重大体育赛事活动的合理机会并给予未获独家转播授权的媒体一定的新闻报道的自由。明晰体育赛事节目的法律性质及其权利归属和权利内容,将有助于妥善处理体育赛事节目产业链上各相关主体的利益,在权利的专有和公有之间划分合理的界限。

In recent years,major Internet companies have spent huge sums of money on sports broadcasts,which have been pirated and infringed.Disputes related to sports event programs occur frequently,and the courts have different views on the rights attributes and protection paths of sports event programs,resulting in different judgments.In this regard,from the perspective of promoting the healthy development of China’s sports industry,this study uses the methods of case analysis and documentation to study the current status quo and existing problems of the protection of sports event programs in China,and it is proposed to protect sports events by improving the rights of broadcasting organizations.China’s newly revised Copyright Law expands the scope of rights of retransmission and adds the right of information network dissemination for broadcasting organizations.However,this revision does not solve the problems such as the right subject and the right object of broadcasting organizations.Therefore,this paper proposes to extend the scope of the subject of the broadcasting organization right to a new type of Internet communication subject,and the object of the broadcasting organization right should be determined as the signal carrying the program and certain restrictions should be imposed on the right based on the principle of balance of interests,such as giving the public a reasonable opportunity to watch major sporting events free of charge and granting certain freedom of news reporting to the media.Clarifying the legal nature of sports event programs and their rights attribution and content of rights will help properly handle the interests of all relevant subjects in the industry chain of sports event programs,and divide a reasonable boundary between exclusive and public ownership of the rights.