高铁运营推动城市全要素生产率提升

High-speed Rail Service and Urban Total Factor Productivity

研究高铁运营对城市全要素生产率的影响,对推动城市经济高质量发展至关重要。研究使用1999-2018年城市数据,运用双重差分模型并结合有效工具变量,研究高铁运营对城市TFP的影响和内在机制。主要发现为:第一,高铁运营对沿线城市TFP存在显著促进效应,平均增加约20.07%。第二,高铁运营推动沿线城市绿色发展。这主要体现在,高铁运营引发的城市空气质量改善促使劳动力要素向沿线城市集聚,提升城市TFP水平,并且这种机制在中国东部地区更加明显。第三,对于高TFP城市,高铁运营对其城市TFP的促进效应显著高于低TFP城市;对于劳动力要素集聚较高的城市,高铁运营对其TFP的促进效应显著高于低劳动力要素集聚的城市。本文结论为政府如何借助高铁运营打造生态宜居城市并推动城市绿色发展提供了经验数据的参考和针对性的政策建议。

It is very important to study the internal mechanism between the high-speed railway service and urban total factor productivity(TFP).Based on the urban data from 1999 to 2018,this paper uses the difference-in-difference model combined with effective tool variables to study the effect of the high-speed railway service on urban TFP.The main findings are as follows:First,the high-speed railway service has a significant promotion effect on urban TFP along the route.After the opening of high-speed railway,TFP in cities increased by roughly 20.07%on average.Second,the high-speed railway service promotes the urban green development along the route.This is mainly reflected in the improvement of urban air quality caused by the high-speed railway service,which promotes the labor factor agglomeration and urban TFP of along the route.That mechanism is more obvious in eastern China.Third,for cities with the high TFP level,the promotion effect of high-speed railway service on urban TFP is significantly higher than that in low TFP cities.What’s more,for cities with higher labor force factors,the promotion effect of high-speed railway service on urban TFP is significantly higher than that of cities with lower labor force factors.This paper provides reference for the government to build livable cities through the high-speed rail service and promote the urban green development along the route.