科学抽象法:研究理解政治经济学的重要方法

Scientific abstraction:an important method for studying and understanding political economy

马克思主义政治经济学是马克思主义的重要组成部分。恩格斯说,无产阶级政党的“全部理论来自对政治经济学的研究”[1]。科学抽象法是马克思社会研究的基本方法,也是理解和研究政治经济学的重要方法。《资本论》集中体现了政治经济学的内容和方法。在《资本论》研究与写作中,马克思在对前人的政治经济学理论体系及方法论梳理和总结后,提出了从抽象到具体的经济学研究方法和道路。运用科学抽象法回应了“资本主义的秘密”,揭示了社会的本质和规律。对科学抽象法的内涵进行重新梳理,并从马克思主义政治经济内容中加以审视和理解,深化对当代马克思主义的研究,并给予我们对现代社会科学研究的启示。

Marxist political economy is an important part of Marxism. Engels said that "all theories of the proletarian party come from the study of political economy." [1]4-6 Scientific abstraction is the basic method of Marx’s social research, and it is also an important method for understanding and studying political economy. "Das Kapital" embodies the content and methods of political economy. In the research and writing of "Das Kapital," after combing and summarizing the theoretical system and methodology of political economy of the predecessors, Marx proposed economic research methods and roads from abstract to concrete. The use of scientific abstraction has responded to the "secrets of capitalism" and revealed the nature and laws of society. Reorganize the connotation of scientific abstraction, and examine and understand it from the political and economic content of Marxism, deepen the study of contemporary Marxism, and give us enlightenment for modern social science research.