Electrochemical performance of a three-layer electrode based on Bi nanoparticles,multi-walled carbon nanotube composites for simultaneous Hg(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)detection

Electrochemical analysis is a promising technique for detecting biotoxic and non-biodegradable heavy metals.This article proposes a novel composite electrode based on a polyaniline(PANi)fra mework doped with bismuth nanoparticle@graphene oxide multi-walled carbon nano tubes(Bi NPs@GO-MWCNTs)for the simultaneous detection of multiple heavy metal ions.Composite electrodes are prepared on screenprinted electrodes(SPCEs)using an efficient dispensing technique.We used a SM200 SX-3 A dispenser to load a laborato ry-specific ink with optimized viscosity and adhesion to draw a pattern on the work area.The SPCE was used as substrate to facilitate cost-effective and more convenient real-time detection technology.Electrochemical techniques,such as cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry,were used to demonstrate the sensing capabilities of the proposed sensor,The sensitivity,limit of detection,and linear range of the PANi-Bi NPs@GO-MWCNT electrode are 2.57×10^(2)μA Lμmol^(-1) cm^-2,0.01 nmol/L,and 0.01 nmol/L-5 mmol/L and 0.15×10^(-1)μALμmol^(-1) cm^-2,0.5 nmol/L,and 0.5 nmol/L-5 mmol/L for mercury ion(Hg(Ⅱ))and copper ion(Cu(Ⅱ))detection,respectively.In addition,the electrode exhibits a good selectivity and repeatability for Hg(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)sensing when tested in a complex heavy metal ion solution.The constructed electrode system exhibits a detection performance superior to similar methods and also increases the types of heavy metal ions that can be detected.Therefore,the proposed device can be used as an efficient sensor for the detection of multiple heavy metal ions in complex environments.