“义”的另一面相:复仇的限制因素

Another Aspect of Personal Loyalty:the Limiting Factor of Revenge

2019年张扣扣复仇杀人案引起社会普遍关注,舆论透露出长期存在的一种复仇观念,即中国传统法律和伦理似乎对复仇持一味的宽容和支持态度。这种认识有失偏颇。事实上,不仅中国传统国家法从先秦时期就明确禁止私相仇斗,伦理中对复仇亦有丰富的限制因素。从复仇最为契合的“义”观念出发,既应看到“义”对复仇行为的肯定,也不能忽视“义”从动机、对象、手段、地域、程序、范围、决策者等多个角度对复仇的限制和界定。唯有全面认识复仇中的“义”,才有利于法义并举,维护社会秩序,促进社会和谐。

The revenge murder case of Zhang Koukou in 2019 has aroused widespread concern in the society.The public opinion has revealed a long-lasting concept of revenge-conventional Chinese law and ethics seem to be blindly tolerant and supportive of revenge.This understanding is biased.Actually,not only did the traditional Chinese national law explicitly prohibit private feud dating back to pre-Qin period,but also there has been no shortage of restrictions on revenge in ethics.From the concept of“personal loyalty”,which is the most compatible with revenge,we should not only recognize the affirmation of“personal loyalty”on revenge,but also stress the limitation of“personal loyalty”on revenge from the perspectives of motive,object,means,region,procedure,scope and decision maker.Only a comprehensive understanding of“personal loyalty”in revenge can help to develop both law an d justice,maintain social order and promote social harmony.