健康中国战略下康养产业养老护理人才胜任力模型构建

Construction of Competency Model for Elderly Nursing Talents in the Health Care Industry under the Healthy China Strategy

随着“健康中国”战略的持续推进,以及我国人口老龄化加剧、物质文化生活水平的提高,康养产业成为“朝阳产业”。人们对养老护理的观点和需求悄然发生变化,保姆式的传统养老护理服务,已难以满足老年人对高品质养老生活的需求,老年人越来越追求专业化的健康养老护理服务。人才资源是第一资源,强有力的人才支撑是康养产业高质量发展的关键,而养老护理人才是康养产业人才的重要构成部分,但目前,康养产业养老护理队伍呈现数量不足、职业技能不高、服务质量不优的问题,这就需要大力加强康养产业养老护理人才的培养。因此,深入研究并构建康养产业养老护理人才胜任力模型,将为康养产业养老护理人才的培养与开发提供重要科学依据。基于康养产业对养老护理人才的胜任力素质需求,运用文献研究法和访谈法初步确立31个康养产业养老护理人才胜任力要素,并定义每一要素含义,确保胜任力要素具有可操作性和应用性。通过编制康养产业养老护理人才胜任力要素对于岗位重要程度的调查问卷进行实证分析,运用SPSS25.0软件对样本数据进行探索性因子分析,确定康养产业养老护理人才胜任力要素;运用AMOS23.0软件对样本数据进行二阶验证性因子分析,结果表明康养产业养老护理人才胜任力二阶验证因子模型拟合较好。然后,在确定康养产业养老护理人才胜任力要素基础上,发放康养产业养老护理人才胜任力要素权重调查问卷,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定胜任力要素权重,得出康养产业养老护理人才胜任力模型。并根据胜任力要素权重排名,得出康养产业养老护理人才的核心素质胜任力模型,包括10个核心胜任力素质,按照重要程度依次为:养老护理知识、养老医学知识、康复护理能力、养生保健知识、打针输液能力、疾病防控能力、服务意识、智慧养老服务能力、卫生健康知识、沟通能力。最后,提出将胜任力模型运用到康养产业养老护理人才的招聘、培养与开发、考核中,以提高康养产业养老护理队伍的整体素质水平,更好地满足康养产业养老护理人才需求,促进康养产业高质量发展。

With the continuous advancement of the"Healthy China"strategy,the increasing aging of China’s population and the improvement of material and cultural living standards,the health care industry has become a"sunrise industry".People's views and needs for elderly care are quietly changing.Traditional nanny-style elderly care services can no longer meet the needs of the elderly for high-quality elderly care.The elderly are increasingly pursuing professional health elderly care services.Human resources are the primary resource.Strong talent support is the key to the high-quality development of the health care industry.Elderly nursing talents are an important part of the health care industry.However,at present,the elderly nursing team in the health care industry presents problems such as insufficient numbers,low vocational skills,and poor service quality.This requires vigorously to strengthen the training of elderly nursing talents in the health care industry.Therefore,in-depth research and construction of a competency model for elderly nursing talents in the health care industry will provide an important scientific basis for the training and development of elderly nursing talents in the health care industry.Based on the demand of health care industry for the competence of nursing talents for the aged,31 elements of competence of nursing talents in health care industry are preliminarily established by means of literature research method and interview method,and the meaning of each element is defined to ensure competency elements are operational and applicable.Based on the empirical analysis of the questionnaire on the importance of the post,the exploratory factor analysis of the sample data is carried out by using the SPSS25.0 software to determine the competency factors of the nursing talents in the health care industry.By using the AMOS23.0 software to analyze the second order confirmatory factor of the sample data,the results show that the second order verification factor model of the competence of the elderly nursing talents in the health care industry fits well.Then,on the basis of determining the competency elements of the elderly nursing talents in the health care industry,the weight questionnaire of the competency elements of the elderly nursing talents in the health care industry is issued,and the AHP is used to determine the competency factor weight.The competency model of the elderly nursing talents in health care industry is obtained.According to the weight ranking of competency factors,the competency model of core quality of nursing talents in health care industry is obtained,including 10 core competencies.According to the degree of importance,they are:elderly nursing knowledge,elderly medical knowledge,rehabilitation nursing ability,health preservation and health care knowledge,injection and infusion ability,disease prevention and control ability,service awareness,smart elderly service ability,health knowledge,and communication ability.Finally,it is proposed to apply the competency model to the recruitment,training,development,and assessment of elderly nursing talents in the health care industry to improve the overall quality level of the elderly nursing team in the health care industry and better meet the needs of elderly nursing talents in the health care industry to promote the high-quality development of the health care industry.