早期吞咽功能训练对脑卒中合并吞咽障碍患者的干预研究

Intervention study of early swallowing function training on stroke patients with swallowing dysfunction

目的:探讨早期吞咽功能训练对脑卒中合并吞咽障碍患者吞咽功能及生活质量的改善作用。方法:100例脑卒中合并吞咽功能障碍患者,按数表法随机将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组进行常规护理,观察组在对照组常规护理基础上,进行早期吞咽功能训练干预。分别应用洼田氏饮水试验、标准吞咽功能评估量表(SSA)、吞咽障碍特异性生活量表(SWAL-QOL)评估患者吞咽功能、生活质量,记录患者误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率,评估护理质量、患者满意度。结果:观察组洼田氏饮水试验干预后(Ⅳ级+Ⅴ级)发生率、评分及SSA评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分、护理质量评分和患者满意度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:早期吞咽功能训练能够显著改善脑卒中并吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能、生活质量,降低误吸和吸入性肺炎的发生率,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective:To explore the effect of early intervention on swallowing function training on patients'swallowing function and quality of life.Methods:100 stroke patients with swallowing dysfunction were randomly divided into control group and observation group,50 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing,observation group carried out early swallowing function training intervention based on the control group.Used the Watian drinking water test,standard swallowing function assessment scale(SSA),dysphagia-specific life scale(SWAL-QOL)to assess the swallowing function and quality of life,recorded the incidence of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia,and evaluated the nursing quality and patient satisfaction.Results:The incidence score of the Watian drinking water test(gradeⅣ+Ⅴ)and SSA score of the observation group after the intervention were lower than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia in the observation group was lower than the control group,the quality of life score,quality of care score and patient satisfaction score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early swallowing function training can significantly improve the swallowing function and quality of life of patients with stroke and dysphagia,reduce the incidence of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia,and improve the quality of care.