自动驾驶汽车侵权责任探析

On the Tort Liability of Autonomous Vehicles

自动驾驶汽车具有自主性、依赖性、等级性特点,使得现行交通事故侵权责任规则难以有效规范自动驾驶汽车引发的交通事故,而简单套用诸如产品责任理论等也难以解决。探析自动驾驶汽车的侵权责任可从归责原则入手,依据自动驾驶汽车的级别和状态,在L_(3)-L_(4),实行驾驶人、开发者(生产者)过错责任或开发者(生产者)无过错责任与驾驶人公平责任原则;在L_(5)阶段,则适用无过错责任原则,开发者(生产者)为主,汽车使用人为辅。最后,自动驾驶汽车应安装"黑匣子"来辅助责任认定,改革"交强险"制度和增强商业险来分担侵权责任损害后果。

Autonomous vehicles have the characteristics of autonomy,dependence and hierarchy,making the current traffic accident tort liability rules difficult to regulate the traffic accidents effectively caused by autopilots,which are difficult to solve with the simple application of product liability theory and other theories as well.The tort liability of autonomous vehicles should start with the subject of responsibility.The main body responsible for autonomous vehicles should include the developer(producer),the seller,the driver and the third party.Second,Attribution Principle should be based on the level and state of the autonomous vehicles.In the L_(3)-L_(4),the principle of liability with fault of the driver,developer(producer)or the principle of liability with no fault of the developer(producer)and the principle of liability with fairness of the driver shall be implemented.In the L_(5) stage,the principle of no fault liability is applied,with developers(producers)as the main part and users as the auxiliary.Finally,the autonomous vehicles should install a"black box"to assist responsibility determination,with the"compulsory liability insurance of vehicle traffic accident"system and enhance commercial insurance to share the consequences of tort liability reformed.