印度清洁能源外交:能源革命与大国战略驱动下的外交实践

India’s Clean Energy Diplomacy: Diplomatic Practice Driven by the Energy Revolution and Major Power’s Strategy

印度作为全球能源消费大国,长期重视能源外交,积极谋求油气来源地的多元化和陆海进口通道的安全。2014年以来,莫迪政府基于能源革命、大国战略的双重需求,扩充了能源外交的内涵,将清洁能源外交作为印度整体对外行动的优先事项,旨在推动本国清洁能源开发和"全球领导大国"的地位塑造。这一外交实践的主要内容包括:从欧美国家大力引进技术与资金、创建和运行国际太阳能联盟、利用水电、电网合作施加对邻国的控制及在警惕防范中开展对华合作。印度的清洁能源外交整体呈现"三个结合"的特征,即追随者和引领者的身份结合、短期目标和长期目标的结合、保守观念与开放思维的结合。

As a major energy consumer in the world, India has long attached great importance to energy diplomacy,and has long been actively seeking the diversification of oil and gas sources and the security of import channels. Since 2014,the Modi government has made clean energy diplomacy a priority for India’s overall diplomacy based on the needs of the energy revolution and the strategy of the great power. The main policies of this diplomatic trend include: vigorously introducing technology and capital from European and American countries,creating and operating International Solar Alliance,using hydropower and grid cooperation to control neighboring countries, and conducting cooperation with China in vigilance. India’s clean energy diplomacy shows the characteristics of "three combinations": the combination of the identities of follower and leader,the combination of short-term and long-term goals,and the combination of conservative concepts and open thinking. Such features indicate that energy diplomacy has deep-rooted geo-gaming attributes,and always involves the typical power-shaping behaviors of international politics.