农村留守妇女心理健康现状及影响因素研究

Research on the mental health status and impacting factors of rural remaining wives

目的了解农村留守妇女心理健康状况及影响因素,在社会工作视角下制定改善农村留守妇女心理健康的干预策略,以期提高和改善农村留守妇女的心理健康水平。方法2019年2—6月随机抽取浙江省衢州地区和黑龙江省牡丹江、佳木斯地区外出务工人员较为密集乡镇的农村留守妇女376例为研究对象,采用自行设计的人口学调查问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对农村留守妇女的人口学情况及心理健康状况进行评估,并采用Logistic回归分析研究其心理健康状况的影响因素。结果农村留守妇女的心理健康水平较差,症状自评量表(SCL-90)总分及各因子得分均高于全国常模。其中总分及人际关系敏感、焦虑和抑郁因子得分显著高于全国常模(P<0.001);躯体化、强迫症状、敌对、恐怖因子分与全国常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);偏执和精神病性因子分与全国常模比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,农村留守妇女的心理健康水平受年龄、家庭收入、居住状况、丈夫回家频率因素影响。结论农村留守妇女的心理健康水平整体较差,家庭年收入低、丈夫回家频率低等都会降低农村留守妇女的心理健康水平。

Objective To investigate the mental health status and impacting factors of rural remaining wives,and to formulate intervention strategies to improve the mental health of rural remaining wives from the perspective of social work,so as to improve and enhance the mental health level of rural remaining wives.Methods A total of 376 rural remaining wives from February to June 2019 were randomly selected from villages and towns with relatively dense migrant workers in Quzhou area of Zhejiang province and Mudanjiang and Jiamusi area of Heilongjiang province.The self-designed demographic questionnaire and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)were used to assess the demographic and mental health of the rural remaining wives,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the impacting factors of mental health.Results The mental health of the rural remaining wives was relatively poor,and their total scores and scores of each factor of symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)were higher than those of the national norm.The total scores and scores of interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety and depression were significantly higher than those of the national norm,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).The scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive disorder,hostility and terror were different from those of the national norm,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).There were differences in the factor scores of paranoia and psychosis between the two groups and the national norm,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the mental health of the rural remaining wives was impacted by age,family income,residence status,the frequency of their husbands'returning home.Conclusion The overall mental health level of the rural remaining wives is relatively poor.The low annual household income and the low frequency of their husbands returning home will all reduce the mental health level of the rural remaining wives.