汉语国际教育专业硕士就业行动的类型研究

Research on the Types of Employment Action for Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages

作为国际汉语教育师资的重要后备力量,汉语国际教育专业硕士自2007年开始招生以来,其就业状况一直备受关注,对口就业率偏低成为较为明显和普遍的问题。汉语国际教育专业硕士的职业选择受国家政策、工作地点、职业稳定度、社会压力等多方面的影响,其就业选择不仅仅是一个结果,更是一个受内、外部环境影响的社会行动。借鉴马克斯·韦伯有关社会行动理论的研究,可将汉语国际教育专业硕士的就业行动划分为成长型、转出型、呼吁型、过渡型四种类型。本文在对此四种行动类型的形成过程和实现路径进行分析的基础上,提出了三个建议:完善知识结构和能力结构协同的人才培养体系、建立职业发展和行业发展并行的就业指导体系和探索信息交流和建言献策互动的沟通体系,以利于引导汉语国际教育专业硕士就业行动向成长型转化,保证汉语国际教育专业硕士对口就业率的规模和稳定性。

As an important reserve force for international Chinese language teachers,the employment status of Master of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages (MTCSOL) has attracted much attention since MTCSOL’s enrollment began in 2007 and the low counterpart employment rate has become a more obvious and common problem.Career choice of MTCSOL is influenced by national policy,workplace,career stability,social pressure and other aspects.Employment choice of MTCSOL is not only a result,but also a social action influenced by internal and external environment.According to Max Weber’s research on social action theory,MTCSOL’s employment action can be divided into four types:growth,departure,appeal and transition.Based on the analysis of the formation process and implementation path of these four action types,this paper gives three suggestions to guide the employment action of MTCSOL to transform into the growth type,and ensure the scale and stability of the employment rate:perfecting the talent training system with the coordination of knowledge structure and ability structure,establishing the employment guidance system with the parallel of career development and industry development,and exploring the communication system of information exchange and suggestion interaction.