填海造地导致的海洋生态系统服务损失研究——以某地填海工程为例

Study on the loss of marine ecosystem services caused by land reclamation

填海造地给海洋生态环境造成了严重的影响,可改变区域水动力环境、地形地貌与冲淤环境、海水水质环境、海洋沉积物环境等,导致海洋生态系统服务功能损失。以某地填海工程为例,选取合适的评估模型,对填海造地造成的海洋生态系统供给服务、调节服务、文化服务、支持服务损失进行价值量估算,为合理制定生态补偿标准提供支撑。评估结果显示,该填海工程导致的海洋生态服务功能年损失价值为4 302.05万元,其中海洋供给服务年损失最大,每年损失金额2 611.73万元,占总损失比例的60.71%;其余依次为海洋支持服务年损失金额1 019.45万元,海洋文化服务年损失金额612.71万元,海洋调节服务年损失金额58.16万元。基于计算结果,该项目业主应投入不低于4 302.05万元的补偿金额开展生态修复工作,可从湿地保护、增殖放流、改善水动力环境、加强运营期污染治理等方面开展生态整治修复工作。

Reclamation has a serious impact on marine ecological environment,which will change regional hydrodynamic environment,topography,erosion and deposition environment,seawater quality environment,marine sediment environment,etc.And this leads to the loss of the service function of the marine ecosystem.Taking one reclamation project as an example,the value loss of supply services,regulation services,cultural services and support services of marine ecosystem caused by reclamation projects is estimated,which provides support for the rational formulation of ecological compensation standards.The evaluation results show that the annual loss value of marine ecological service caused by the reclamation project is 43.0205 million yuan,of which the annual loss of marine supply service is the largest,with an annual loss of 26.117 million yuan,accounting for 60.71%of the total loss.According to the calculation results,this project should invest no less than 43.0205 million yuan to carry out ecological restoration work,which can be started from wetland protection,proliferation and release,improvement of hydrodynamic environment,and strengthening of operational pollution control.