深圳市老年人群社会支持现状及影响因素分析

Social support status and influencing factors of elderly population in Shenzhen

目的调查深圳市老年人群,探讨深圳市老年人的社会支持现状及其影响因素。方法选取2017年7月—2018年10月在深圳市某医院体检的7201例老年人(≥60岁)作为调查对象。采用问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测的方法收集人口学资料、患病史,采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)评价社会支持度,采用logistic回归模型分析老年人社会支持现状的影响因素。结果7201例老年人社会支持总得分为(39.51±7.89)分,其中主观支持得分为(25.51±3.75)分,客观支持得分为(6.84±3.92)分,支持利用度得分为(7.17±2.95)分。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄越低、社会支持得分越高(OR=0.771,P<0.001);社会支持得分等级由高到低至少降低1个等级,男性的风险是女性的1.302倍,小学及以下学历者是大专及以上学历者的1.228倍,家庭年收入<8万、8万~<12万、12~<16万人群分别是≥16万人群的1.572倍、1.599倍、1.616倍,未婚/离异/再婚/同居者是已婚者的1.949倍,无规律锻炼者是规律锻炼者的1.381倍(P均<0.05)。结论深圳市老年人群社会支持处于中等以上水平,女性、低年龄、受教育程度高、家庭年收入高、已婚、规律锻炼为老年人获得更高社会支持度的保护性因素。

Objective To investigate the status of social support for the elderly in Shenzhen and analyze the influ⁃encing factors.Methods From July 2017 to October 2018,7201 elderly people for physical examinations were selected from a hospital in Shenzhen.The demographic data and disease history were collected by questionnaire,physical examina⁃tion and laboratory test.Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)was used to analyze the degree of social support.Logistic re⁃gression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of social support status of the elderly.Results The total social support score was(39.51±7.89),the subjective support score,the objective support score and the utilization score of sup⁃port were(25.51±3.75),(6.84±3.92)and(7.17±2.95),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the low⁃er the age,the higher the social support score(OR=0.771,P<0.001).Social support scores were reduced by at least 1 grade from high to low,and the risk was 1.302 times higher for men than women,and 1.228 times higher for individuals with elementary school education or less than for those with college education or above.The annual family income of people with less than 80000,80000 to 120000,and≥120000 is 1.572,1.599 and 1.616 times that of those with more than 160,000,respectively.The number of people with marital status of unmarried/divorced/remarried/cohabited was 1.949 times that of married people.The number of people with irregular exercise was 1.381 times that of those with regu⁃lar exercise(P<0.05).Conclusion The social support score of elderly in Shenzhen is above the medium level.Fe⁃male,low age,high education level,high family income,married and regular exercise are the protective factors for the el⁃derly to obtain higher social support.